Table of Contents 64q43
Over the past few decades, technological developments have significantly impacted the television industry, leading to an impressive diversification of screen types. From the first monochrome sets to the sophisticated and vibrant modern displays, the journey of TVs is marked by a relentless quest for higher picture quality, more realistic colors and ever more immersive viewing experiences. 706k6q
In this text, we will explore the history behind the different types of television screens that have emerged over the years, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and how they have impacted the way we relate to the transmitted content. After all, what would be the most attractive technology: LED, OLED, AMOLED, NanoCell, Neo QLED or MicroLED TVs? We'll discuss that and much more below.
CRT 6p6020
the televisions CRT (Cathode Ray Tubes) — also called tube TV — were the dominant standard for several decades, from the emergence of television to the popularization of newer technologies. They operated based on an electronic vacuum tube system that manipulated electrons to create the image displayed on the screen.
These monitors worked with the emission of electrons inside the glass tube, through a cathode when heated by a filament. This process is known as thermionic emission. The released electrons form a beam, which is accelerated towards the anode by means of a high negative electrical voltage applied to the cathode, and are controlled through magnetic coils around the tube, allowing the beam to be directed to sweep the screen in the form of horizontal lines in quick succession.
To finally create the image through this process, the screen was covered with phosphors of different colors: red, green and blue. When the electrons hit the phosphor, it emitted visible light, allowing the image to be created. By varying the intensity of the electron beam at different points on the screen, it was possible to create images in color and with different brightness levels.
CRT televisions had a low production cost because, even for the time, cathode ray tube technology was relatively simple and large-scale manufacturing became cheaper over the years. Furthermore, they offered a wide viewing angle, ensuring that image quality did not deteriorate even when viewed from different sides.
On the other hand, CRT televisions were bulky and heavy, making them difficult to transport and taking up a lot of space in homes. Glass screens could reflect ambient light, affecting picture quality and causing viewer discomfort, and these TVs consumed more energy compared to newer technologies, which led to higher operating costs.
Currently there are much better options than a CRT TV — or the famous tube TV — but it is important for us to understand its importance to get where we are today.
Plasma o634x
O plasma was a popular type of screen technology used in televisions during a significant part of the 2000s and 2010s. It was considered an evolution over CRT televisions, offering better picture quality and slimmer design.
Plasma TVs used small cells filled with noble gases, such as xenon e neon, between two layers of glass. Each cell was composed of three sub-cells coated with red, green and blue phosphorus. When an electric current was applied to a cell, the gases inside it ionized, releasing ultraviolet rays. These ultraviolet rays excited the phosphors in the subcells, causing them to emit visible light in the corresponding colors. By controlling the intensity of the electrical current in each cell, it was possible to create color images on the screen.
Among the advantages for the time, the reproduction of accurate colors and images with richer and more vibrant tones stood out, while this technology also offered excellent contrast, with deeper blacks and visible details in dark scenes compared to CRT, the dominant technology. at the time.
However, when compared to the most current technologies, the plasma screen consumed more energy, and the brightness intensity of these devices was not so high, which could affect visibility in very bright environments. Finally, these TVs were still heavier and thicker than those with later technologies, making these sets difficult to assemble and move around.
LCD 56376x
The acronym LCD means liquid crystal display, an English way of indicating the presence of liquid crystals in the composition of the screens. It is these crystals that make up a layer, which block or let through a background light (known as backlight).
To build the display, these crystals are pressed by two plates and placed after a few layers of materials. Usually, a polarizing filter and a glass shield are positioned after it. Behind every layer of the television is a lighting , which emits the light needed to make the image visible on the screen.
Back lighting, also called RPTV (Real Projection Television), is made with fluorescent lamps, the CCFL (Cold Cathod Fluorescent Lamp). They are thicker, compared to LED sources in more modern TVs, and contain mercury in their composition. Therefore, they are not very sustainable.
But what does all this imply for image quality? LCD TVs make the image more opaque in relation to the latest technologies, so they end up being an option only for those who have well-lit rooms.
CCFL lamps, in turn, do not have much stability, which affects the brightness of the device and, consequently, the color fidelity. In addition, the fact that the image is translucent can impair the viewer's experience when changing scenes in a movie, for example.
In of cost after purchase, the characteristics of the display lead LCD to consume more energy than other screens, being considered an outdated technology, having started to be used in the production of televisions in the mid-2000s. In the 1970s, T. Peter Brody produced the first active matrix display in the United States, which used the technology.
LED p5z6z
The technology LED it is quite similar to the LCD in that it retains the liquid crystal layer and still uses a of light to generate images. Its big difference — and innovation — is that the lighting uses light emitting diodes, that is, LED (Light Emitting Diodes).
Being one of the main characteristics of the display, these diodes are smaller than the CCFL of LCD TVs, which already reduces the thickness of the display. Furthermore, they present 40% less energy consumption than the previous technology. It is also worth noting that these devices have better light regulation, avoiding brightness fluctuations and color changes during scene transitions.
The big advantage is that the lighting of LED TVs is superior to LCD. And, just for that reason, the images of the first one are already better, since the layer of liquid crystals in this type of screen better filters the luminosity, achieving more color fidelity.
Although the operating principle of the two technologies is the same, manufacturers of LED smart TVs can choose between two positions for the backlight . The first of these is the traditional rear projection tv (RPTV), in which lighting is projected from the bottom of the screen across its entire surface, inside the TV chassis. As it is possible to turn off some of the LEDs, it is possible to increase the presence of the black color on the screen and, thus, have a greater contrast.
Now, if you choose to place the luminous on the edge of the television, that is, on the sides, you can further reduce the thickness of the display. However, the image quality in these cases is affected, because the light dispersion turns out to be insufficient.
However, compared to the latest technologies on the market today, such as OLED and quantum dots, LED consumes more energy without delivering superior image quality. And, as it still needs the various layers of materials and a lighting , they can't be lighter and less thick than models with higher technologies.
LED screens are the majority on the market today and one of the models that stands out for its quality is the TCL 65P735. The 65-inch TV makes good use of its technology along with a 4K resolution to deliver very high quality images, which can prove to any layman the capacity of LED.
OLED 4f513
OLED is the acronym for Organic Light Emitting Diode, i.e. Organic Light Emitting Diode. In this technology, Smart TV has a full of organic diodes that replace LED lamps and liquid crystal s.
The great asset of these organic diodes is being able to turn them on and off individually, dispensing with the need for a rear lighting , known as backlight. Therefore, its operation is different from what we observe in LCD and LED screens. The following image shows the difference in OLED structure.
The principle of electroluminescence is used in OLED displays in which, from an electric current, the electroluminescent substances present in one of the layers of the screen are stimulated so that, then, light is produced. Incidentally, one of the characteristics of the OLED structure is to have an organic layer, cathode and an encapsulation layer, which allow the screen to be thin in its structure.
The production of this technology is quite complex, making TVs more expensive than other technologies. Currently, only LG and Samsung have TVs with the technology in the Brazilian market.
Compared to LCD and LED technologies, the OLED achieves a much higher contrast. As each image pixel is turned on or off individually, it is possible to achieve infinite contrast with absolute black — in previous displays, only the grayish tone is reached, since the rear light cannot be turned off completely and it often leaks. on the screen.
A disadvantage of OLED screens is that the maximum brightness potential is low, more controlled, where images tend to be darker than those of an LED TV. In this way, the color volume is affected, and very bright scenes challenge the maintenance of the OLED structure's saturation levels.
In general, OLED displays have a relatively lower energy consumption than the others, but the difference is very small. In addition, its useful life can reach great levels in relation to other technologies. OLED TV screens last an average of 60 hours, according to Tech Reviewer. Considering an average of 5 hours of daily television use, according to the Nielsen Corporation, the device's useful life would last around 33 years.
In 2021 the LG launched the screen OLED Evo, which uses a new emitter called a Emissive Material Derivative (EMD), made from deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen with a heavier nucleus. The EMD is able to produce more light than the traditional hydrogen emitter, resulting in brighter images with better contrast.
In addition to EMD, OLED Evo also uses a new backlight that is more efficient. This results in lower power consumption and sharper images. Overall, OLED Evo is a more advanced technology that offers better images than traditional OLED. However, it is also more expensive.
This technology was exquisitely applied in the model Evo C2. The television, which has options from 42 to 83 inches, uses OLED Evo technology from LG to deliver a high-definition picture with vivid, accurate colors while still remaining a very slim device. The company even improves the quality even further with an AI 9 Gen 5 processor, which manages to use artificial intelligence to add depth and enhance textures.
AMOLED 2h5x6h
Speaking now a little about types of screen more used in smartphones, the technology AMOLED is an abbreviation in English for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode, which in turn is a variant of the OLED technology mentioned above.
The main difference between OLED and AMOLED is in the array of pixels used in each one. While OLED screens generally employ a ive pixel matrix, AMOLED screens use an active matrix. In this active matrix, each pixel is controlled by a separate transistor, which allows for finer control over each individual pixel.
Each pixel on an AMOLED screen is made up of organic materials that emit light when an electrical current es through them. The active matrix allows each pixel to be turned on or off individually, enabling accurate color display and high contrast images, offering faster response times than standard OLED technology, which is beneficial for video playback and Blur-free motion graphics.
This type of screen has the great advantages of vibrant colors and improved contrast compared to previous technologies. In addition, the individual brightness control of each pixel results in energy savings when displaying darker images. Finally, AMOLED displays do not require a separate backlight layer, so they can be thinner and lighter than other display technologies.
On the other hand, this type of can be susceptible to burn-in, which is an effect where lingering images can leave permanent marks on the screen. Furthermore, this type of technology tends to be more expensive, which is reflected in the final price of the product.
Some great device options have AMOLED technology, such as the Xiaomi 13. The Chinese company manages to deliver a screen with images with good colors and brightness, while not using as much of the smartphone's battery. Furthermore, despite being a high-tech screen, AMOLED is also present in mid-range cell phones, such as Moto G53 e Galaxy A54.
Super AMOLED 1c1w36
Launched in 2010 by Samsung, Super AMOLED debuted in the Galaxy S smartphone line. It represents an evolution of AMOLED technology, with the integration of the touch layer directly on the OLED screen, reducing its thickness and improving image quality compared to traditional displays.
Furthermore, Super AMOLED screens not only offer stunning looks but also provide a smoother and more enjoyable experience thanks to their faster refresh rate and improved touch response.
An additional advantage of Super AMOLED screens is that they contribute to reducing eyestrain. A Samsung achieved a significant reduction in the amount of blue light emitted by its screens compared to most conventional LCD displays.
This achievement was possible because Super AMOLED screens block potentially harmful blue light, reducing the intensity of wavelengths between 415 and 455 nm. In return, these screens increase lighting to safer wavelengths, providing a more comfortable and -friendly viewing experience.
Despite this, this technology also has its negative points and, as you can imagine, one of the main ones is its high production cost. In addition, there is a limited lifespan of these pixels with a degradation from time of use, resulting in reduced brightness and color accuracy.
In addition to Super AMOLED, Samsung launched a new version of this technology in 2019 called Super AMOLED Dynamic 2x, debuting on the Galaxy S10 line. This screen has improved HDR, which increases RGB color accuracy, and also a variable refresh rate, reaching 120 Hz, which makes it excellent for gaming.
An example of a smartphone that uses Super AMOLED technology in an exemplary way is the has been very successful with the public. The model has a resolution of 1812x2176px with 373 ppi density and a 7,6-inch display, which with its Qualcomm SM8550-AC Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 chipset and 12GB RAM memory, manages to deliver an incredible experience taking advantage of its Super AMOLED screen.
Nanocell 342v2s
A Nanocell is a display technology developed by LG for its high-end TVs that uses tiny nanoparticles embedded in the LCD screen's color filter layer. These nanoparticles are responsible for absorbing unwanted light and improving the purity of colors displayed on the screen. By eliminating non-essential light, NanoCell technology is able to produce more vivid and accurate colors with a wider color gamut.
The great merit of NanoCell was to improve LCD technology, bringing several advantages such as a greater volume of colors with more vivid images due to the filtering of opaque and unwanted tones, an increase in the lateral viewing angle of televisions in relation to LCDs and, in comparison with other advanced technologies, NanoCell manages to be cheaper than OLED models with the same resolution and size.
TVs with NanoCell technology often have the ability to reduce the amount of potentially harmful blue light emitted by screens. This helps lessen eyestrain and makes viewing more comfortable, especially during long usage sessions.
Although NanoCell screens offer a significant improvement in image quality over traditional LCD s, it is important to note that this technology still uses backlighting to illuminate the screen's pixels. This means it doesn't offer the same deep black quality and individual pixel control as OLED and MicroLED technologies.
Currently, the model of LG that uses NanoCell technology is the LG 55NANO80. With a 55-inch screen and an α5 processor, the TV manages to deliver pure colors with a real 4K, as the company says. It is certainly a great example of how technology created by the company itself can raise the quality of its equipment in a unique way.
quantum dots 3y2t5j
Another very high quality screen technology is quantum dots (in English, quantum dots, known by the acronym QD), which in turn continues the principle seen in LED televisions in of backlighting, but promotes some improvements.
Instead of using white LEDs on the lighting , blue LEDs are used on this display. This change improves the accuracy of the red and green filters, so it is capable of producing more beautiful and accurate colors.
In an analogy, it would be like putting a ball of ping-pong next to one for football and one for basketball. If we held a flashlight in front of the three of us, the ball of ping-pong would emit blue light, while the basketball one would reflect a red light. The soccer ball, right in the middle of the spectrum, would reproduce the color green.
The big news, however, is that these nanocrystals are still surrounded by metallic alloys, forming the so-called quantum dots. Thanks to these casings, it was possible to correct the viewing angle and contrast problems that occurred in LCD screens and also ensure a longer service life for OLED sets.
Quantum dot technology itself is applied to different screen models, so what we usually find on the market is a combination of different image display techniques. Next, we will see how quantum dots are applied in OLED, LCD models and in a combination of technologies that became known as QNED, which unites quantum dots with Mini LED and NanoCell.
QD OLED 3o66h
The application of this technology in OLED televisions is seen in models called QD-OLED, which have screen technology associated with quantum dots.
The layer at the front of a QD-OLED TV dispenses with liquid crystals. Now, it is created with nanocrystals of different sizes. They are usually 2 to 10 nanometers in diameter, thinner than a human hair. From the incidence of light, different colors are created according to the size of the crystal particle. So, the red will be reached by the larger quantum dot, the last level of the spectrum, while the blue will come from the smaller one. The following image from Samsung helps explain how this size dynamic works:
An application model of quantum dot technology in a QD-OLED screen is the Samsung 65S90C. The television, which has 65 inches and a 4K resolution with a Neural Quantum Processor 4K, manages to perfectly unite several attributes to deliver a high quality image with vivid and clear colors for no to defect.
QLED 5h144m
We could safely say that to QLED it's quantum dot technology version 2.0. If when we talk about QD-OLED technology, we talk about the application of the quantum dots on an OLED screen, in the case of QLED we are in one of the commercial names within the category of LED televisions.
In fact, this screen technology has existed since 2015 and was already used by Samsung on SUHD models. However, the migration to the acronym QLED was a response to the OLED adopted by LG — a marketing ploy to equate QLED with the superior technology that LG had brought to the market.
Presented at CES 2017, QLED maintains back lighting and is already being adopted by other major brands, such as TCL. The luminosity is the great difference that can be noticed between the technologies of the LG and the Samsung, but compared to the original quantum dot televisions, there are important changes to consider.
Now, quantum dots have new metallic cores and shells. This change ensures superior contrast and more accurate colors, even at high brightness levels, something not yet achieved by OLEDs. According to Samsung, QLEDs can reproduce 99% of the color space DCI-P3, a sort of tonal range scale. This chromatic interval, whose acronym comes from Digital Cinema Initiatives (devices with digital cinema, in free translation), aims to create a color standard for different screens, not only on TVs, but also on computers, cell phones, PCs and other devices.
Models with this screen technology even gained a very low reflection filter, which improves reflections outside the and creates darker areas. However, the achieved result is not as successful as the absolute black provided by OLEDs. But, worth noting, this addition helps preserve color saturation levels, a complication with OLED s.
In short, this new display tries to combine the best of backlight of LEDs and Quantum Dots, that is, it offers a brighter image. It also solves the accuracy of colors and contrast, achieving a result that is close to OLED, but with an advantage: it has a lower production cost.
In addition to all, the Samsung launched a new version of QLED technology with the NeoQLED. This type of screen combines quantum dots with mini-LED array lighting, and has an advanced image processor that can optimize the image for different types of content. With this, it can improve detail in dark scenes and increase sharpness in bright scenes with more granular control of brightness.
An example of a QLED TV is the Samsung Neo QLED 8K QN900B. Being one of the company's highest quality televisions, the equipment has an 8K resolution, borderless infinite screen, a processor with the use of artificial intelligence and a with 120Hz, all of this to make the most of QLED technology to deliver images of high quality, which is among the best available on the market today.
QENG 18c22
The technology QENG it is directly related to the way TVs are lit using LEDs. In LG's latest sets, which incorporate MiniLED technology, thousands of tiny LEDs illuminate the TV's inner to create the colors visible to viewers. While not exactly comparable to OLED, which uses organic light-emitting diodes for pixel-level control, MiniLED uses a backlit with smaller LEDs and more LEDs, improving image contrast control.
In summary, QNED technology is a fusion of Quantum Dot, NanoCell and MiniLED technologies. This combination allows LG models to reproduce accurate colors, offering improved contrast and deeper black tones. MiniLEDs play a big part in that equation, but there's also NanoCell technology. In this case, LG uses a filtering layer composed of nanoparticles located behind the screen to eliminate unwanted wavelengths of light and make color tones more vibrant. This layer improves the quality of the colors and enriches the depth of the shades.
An example of this application are televisions on the QNED80SRA da LG. Launched in 2023, the TVs have versions from 50 to 75 inches and have 4K Ultra HD resolution with QNED technology, 120Hz frequency and α7 AI Processor 4K Gen6 processor, being considered by the company itself as the complete Smart TV to be the center of attention from your room.
MicroLED 2n445q
a screen MicroLED is an advanced display technology that represents an evolution over OLED screens. Like OLED, MicroLED also uses light emitting diodes, but its main difference is in the size of the diodes.
Each pixel on a MicroLED screen is made up of microscopic individual LEDs, which are much smaller than those used in conventional OLED screens. These are extremely small, with dimensions on the scale of micrometers (one millionth of a meter) or even nanometers (one billionth of a meter). The array of micro LEDs is controlled by an active matrix similar to AMOLED technology, allowing precise control of each individual pixel.
Micro LEDs have a longer lifespan than other display technologies, reducing the likelihood of lighting problems. burn-in, have greater energy efficiency compared to LCD screens and the ability to be manufactured in various sizes, offering more flexible design and application options. Due to this, MicroLED technology is used in several s and not necessarily only in televisions.
However, this technology is complex and challenging to manufacture, which makes products more expensive and limits market availability. There are still technical challenges related to the extremely small size of micro LEDs, which can impact the uniformity of lighting on large screens. With continued advances in production, it is likely that these screens will become increasingly popular and affordable in a variety of electronic devices in the future.
MicroLED is still in an embryonic stage and, at the moment, we will not find many models using this technology. A case of application of this type of screen is on TV reported here at Showmetech as the 1 million reais television. This equipment is the maximum of sophistication and exclusivity because it simply has all the best that the technology of our current era can provide for the consumer, without thinking about production costs or final sale price.
Other points to consider 6v6e24
Before buying a television, there are other factors to consider. In this context, we will explore the crucial aspects to consider when purchasing a television, going beyond the type of screen and diving into the complexities that shape quality, performance and the ability to integrate into our digital everyday life. From the video and audio standards to the final product price, every detail plays an important role in choosing a television that meets our ever-evolving needs and expectations.
video standards 6nh1n
One factor to be considered is the pattern HDR. In English, the acronym means High Dynamic Range, a way of indicating that TVs capable of this technology have a wider range of color and contrast.
In other words, HDR allows for better color reproduction, including darker blacks and brighter whites, and still greater retention of detail in the darkest areas of the image. It is, above all, a way for LCD TVs to approach the image quality of OLEDs. However, for that, electricity costs increase.
Understand in more detail how the HDR standard works in our exclusive article.
audio standards 1m5rx
The audio standard is of utmost importance for a TV as it directly affects the overall audio quality and experience the viewer will receive when watching movies, TV shows, games and other content. Good audio quality is essential for an immersive and immersive entertainment experience. Here are some reasons why the audio standard is relevant for a TV.
Simpler TVs have a standard of 2.0 stereo audio that's the basics, utilizing two audio channels to provide an effective experience. An evolution of this is the Dolby Digital 5.1, which uses six channels of audio – front left, front right, center, rear left, rear right, and a bass channel (subwoofer). This setup is known as 5.1 audio and is widely used for surround sound movies and TV shows. In addition, we also have 7.1 that adds two more audio channels.
In some more modern TV models we have the Dolby Atmos, which is an advanced audio technology that creates a three-dimensional sound experience, allowing sounds to be positioned individually at different points in space, including above the viewer. This provides a more immersive and immersive audio experience.
Refresh rate 4v1d4u
A TV's refresh rate refers to how often the screen refreshes to display images per second (measured in Hertz, Hz). It indicates how many times an image can be displayed on the screen in one second. The most common refresh rates on TVs are 60Hz, 120Hz and 240Hz.
The importance of the refresh rate is related to the fluidity of the displayed image. The higher the refresh rate, the smoother and sharper the movements on the screen will be, resulting in a more pleasant viewing experience, especially during fast action scenes, games or sports broadcasts.
With a higher refresh rate, the feeling of drag and blur is minimized, making the image more realistic and avoiding problems such as the effect motion blur. This is especially advantageous on TVs with large screen s, as the drag effect can be more noticeable on larger screens.
Additionally, the refresh rate can affect the TV's ability to handle specific content. For example, for games with high frames per second (FPS) rates or high definition movies, a higher refresh rate allows the TV to better keep up with the pace, avoiding issues such as tearing (tears in the image, in Portuguese) and providing a more immersive experience.
It is important not to confuse update rate with response time. This factor, which is also very important for those who like to use their TV for games, measures the time that an individual pixel on the screen takes to change from one color to another, generally expressed in milliseconds (ms). For example, a response time of 5ms indicates that a pixel will take 5 milliseconds to change from one color to another. The shorter the response time, the faster the pixel can change, resulting in a faster image transition and reducing the blurring effect. motion blur in fast action scenes.
In summary, the refresh rate refers to how often the screen is updated to display images per second, while the response time indicates the time it takes a pixel to change from one color to another.
And when it comes to price? 3d6n51
The LED TVs are the majority in the Brazilian market and, still, the most affordable option among all technologies. 32-inch devices, for example, cost from R$1.200. Among the leading manufacturers of Smart TVs, They are LG, Samsung, Phillips, Sony, philco, SEMP Toshiba e AOC.
Uma 50-inch TV with technology NanocellLike 50 NANO77, can be found for R$ 2.522. LG is the only manufacturer that has this technology.
The appliances with quantum dots can be a little more expensive than NanoCell, but do not reach the price of OLED. Consumers can count on several options that have this technology in their model LG 4K QNED80, going from 55" to 86". The manufacturer's official website includes these models, with prices starting at R$4.499,00.
The QLEDs of Samsung has minimum value in the market of BRL 2.699 for the Neo QLED 4K model QN85B, which has a minimum screen size of 50 inches. QN85B TV releases contain various features such as Filmmaker, Ambient, adaptive sound and others.
After reading all of this, it's important that you think about what your needs and budget are. There are options for every budget, just search.
See also:
Best TVs for Gaming on PS5 and Xbox Series X/S
What is QNED MiniLED? Discover LG's new smart TVs
Source: LifeWire | CDW | Make Use Of | Screen Rant | Cool Blue
reviewed by Glaucon Vital in 29 / 8 / 23.
