6w40b
Dominic Walliman ane imwe yenzira dzakakurumbira dzesainzi munyika Youtubekana Nzvimbo yeSainzi. Imwe nguva yapfuura akaburitsa vhidhiyo demystifying the quantum tekinoroji uye kuti rudzi urwu rwesainzi runogona kubatsira sei muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Kune avo vasinganyatso Chirungu kana vasina nguva yekuona vhidhiyo, tinounza pfupiso yakakosha yezviri mukati.
Shamwari yedu, quantum fizikisi 4s3l4r
Usati wafunga nezvekuti quantum tekinoroji iripo sei muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise zvishoma kuti iyi isinganzwisisike sainzi inonzi sei. quantum physics. Iyi ndima yefizikisi inoongorora zviitiko zvese zvinoitika munyika yesubatomic ine zvimedu zvakaita semaerekitironi, mapurotoni, mafotoni, nezvimwe. Anobata nezvidzidzo zvingaite sezvisinganzwisisike uye zvinotopenga, senge interlacing, superposition, pakati pezvimwe.
Quantum fizikisi inotanga kuvhiringa musoro wemunhu kana munhu akaziva kuti mazhinji epfungwa anoshanda mune zvakasikwa kwandiri, iwe, Pasi uye kunyangwe Zuva, unongorega kuve anoshanda munyika yesubatomic. Asi usazvinetse, quantum fizikisi haisi pano kuzorasa huropi hwako, asi kuti ikuratidze kuti kunzwisisa nzira iyo subatomic particles inopindirana inogona kuchinja hupenyu hwedu.
Makomputa 2r4b2x
Zvese zvishandiso zvedhijitari nhasi zvinoshandisa quantum fizikisi kushanda. Dai asiri iye, ungadai uchiri kuverenga chinyorwa ichi mupepanhau pachinzvimbo chebhuku rako rekunyorera, piritsi kana smartphone. Chinhu chakakosha chinoumba komputa iU yayo, uropi hwemuchina. Iyo inoumbwa nezviuru zve transistors, zvikamu zvinoshanda se "pa" uye "kudzima" switch.
Pfungwa iyi yakakosha pakushanda kwemuchina komputa, sekuti "pa" inodudzirwa nekombuta kuti 1 uye "off" se 0. Iyo binary inomiririra inoshandurwa nehurongwa hwemapurogiramu kusvika yasvika chimwe chinhu icho munhu anogona kunzwisisa. . Zvakanaka, asi quantum physics inopinda kupi mune izvi?
Imwe neimwe transistor inoumbwa neSilica, semi-conductor simbi inobvumira maerekitironi emaatomu kutora akasiyana simba nyika. Asi Silika chete haina kukwana, saka zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sePhosphorus kana Boron zvinosanganiswa uye zvinogadzira chikamu chine musoro chinobvumira kurongwa kweiyo maerekitironi. Nokudaro, kana magetsi achipfuura nepakati pe transistor, zvinokwanisika kuona simba remagetsi erekitironi kuratidza kana shanduko iri "pa" kana "kudzima".
akatungamirira 606i15
Tichitora mukana weiyo pfungwa yesemiconductors, ngationgororei imwezve mashandisirwo ehuwandu hwefizikisi: tekinoroji. akatungamirira (Chiedza Emitting Diodes) Iyi tekinoroji iripo nhasi pane akawanda smartphone skrini, maTV, makomputa uye mumarambi zvakare. Pano iyo quantum zano rekuti tekinoroji inoshanda sei zvakare iri nyore kunzwisisa.
Chaizvoizvo, diode ye LED inoumbwa nemhando mbiri dze semi-conductor zvinhu, zvakaparadzaniswa nedunhu rinonzi "active". Kana simba remagetsi richipfuura nepakati pe diode, erekitironi inopinda mune imwe semiconductors mune imwe simba mamiriro uye inosiya imwe mune imwe nyika. Mundima iyi, inorasikirwa nesimba muchimiro chechiedza, kuburikidza netunhu tudiki tunonzi mafotoni.
Tekinoroji ye LED yafambira mberi zvakanyanya mukuita kuti chiedza chinobudiswa nemaerekitironi chive chakasimba uye chichena, pamusoro pekukwanisa kugadzira chiedza chakawanda zvikuru nekushandisa kwakadzikira kwesimba remagetsi kana zvichienzaniswa nehunyanzvi hwapfuura hwakadai sehuya huri mumarambi efluorescent. .
Digital makamera 6l2rz
Diodes anoshandisa quantum tekinoroji aripowo mumakamera edhijitari. Muchiitiko ichi, vanonzi photodiodes uye varipo mune imwe neimwe pixel yekhamera lens sensors. Nechikonzero ichi, iyo yakawanda megapixels mudziyo une, zviri nani kutorwa kwemufananidzo kuchaita, kuburitsa mibairo nekuwedzera kwepamusoro resolution.
Nenzira imwecheteyo semiconductor tekinoroji, mafotodiode anogashira chiedza uye anogadzira magetsi anoshandura simba remaerekitironi paanopfuura kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwe diode kuenda kune rumwe. Pakupedzisira "tip" ye diode ndiyo "negative" ye sensor, iyo inotora pixel iyo, pamwe chete nemamwe mapikisi akatorwa nemasensa akawanda, inogadzira mufananidzo wekupedzisira.
Lasers 5zn3c
Kanganwa zvawaona nema lasers mune sainzi ngano, nekuti musimboti uri seri kweiyi tekinoroji application kushandisa voltage kumusanganiswa wezvinhu zvakakosha, zvinonakidza maerekitironi uye kugadzira mwenje. Izvi, zvinowedzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvionioni, zvinogadzira chiedza chepamusoro-soro (uye pasinei neizvi, hatisati tine mwenje chaiwo ...).
Quantum fizikisi pano iri mumaitiro ayo lasers anoshandisa kugadzira iro rakanyanya mwenje wechiedza: inosimudzira kubuda. Erekitironi kubva kune imwe atomu inokurudzirwa kusvika padanho repamusoro resimba, nepo erekitironi kubva kune imwe atomu inopinda mune reverse process. Panguva ino, simba rinosunungurwa nenzira ye monochromatic laser light.
GPS 1k184b
Parizvino, dzinenge dzese nharembozha dzine tekinoroji GPS (Global Positioning System - Global Positioning System), izvo zvinovabvumira kuziva nzvimbo yemudziyo munyika nehupamhi hwepamusoro. Iyo sisitimu inoshanda kuburikidza nenhevedzano yemasatelliti kutenderera pasirese iyo inotumira masaini kumidziyo.
Chinonyanya kudiwa kuti sisitimu ishande ndeyekuti wachi dzemukati dzemasatelliti dzinofanirwa kuwiriraniswa, sezvo dzichitumira chiratidzo kune mudziyo nguva nenguva kuti igadzire nzvimbo yayo chaiyo papasi.
Kugadzira kuwiriranisa uku, madhijitari setiraiti masisitimu anoshandisa wachi yequantum, iyo inoshandisa atomu yeCesium se counter, iyo inoburitsa nguva zvichienderana nekuwanda kwekuchinja kwesimba remagetsi kusvika padanho repamusoro (spin up) kana kusvika padanho rakaderera ( spin down).
Saka nguva inotevera paunonzwa nezve quantum physics, usatya. Iri pedyo nehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva kupfuura zvatinogona kufungidzira, kunyange zvazvo inoramba ichiita seinovhiringidza uye yakaoma kunzwisisa.
Tsvakurudzo yakanaka.
Makorokoto, ndakanakidzwa nekutsvakurudza.
Zvinonakidza kwazvo!