The 2m2k3r
Chinyorwa che Tax reform Yakatenderwa neDare reVatevedzeri mumaawa ekutanga eChishanu chino (7). Vhoti yechipiri yakawana mavhoti mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe neshanu uye zana negumi nevasere vachipikisa. Kukunda kwehurumende yeLula kunomiririra nguva yenhoroondo, sezvo shanduko yemutero yakanga yakurukurwa kwenguva ingangoita 30 makore, pasina kufambira mberi kukuru muNational Congress munguva dzehurumende dzakapfuura. Zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti ikozvino mutero system yakavambwa mumaXNUMXs. 1960. Asi izvi zvinogona sei kuva nerevo mukuita? t5j3y
Mutero Muchidimbu 5a1b4o
Maererano nehurumende, kugadzirisa mutero hazvizoiti kuti mutero wemitero uwedzere munyika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero kuwedzera mune imwe chikamu kuchagadziriswa nekudzikiswa mune mamwe masekete. Hapasati pasati pave netsanangudzo yechiyero chemutero unozobvisirwa zvinhu nesevhisi, zvisinei, ongororo dzakaitwa nehurumende dzinoratidza chiyero chiri pedyo ne25%.
Chinyorwa chekugadzirisa chine chiyero chekuchengetedza kudzivirira kuwedzera kwemutero wemutero. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro kubva kuNational Treasury, muna 2022 mutero wakakura wakasvika. 33,71% yeGross Domestic Product (GDP), iyo inomiririra kukosha kwepamusoro kwakanyorwa kubva pakutanga kwenhoroondo dzakatevedzana muna 2010.
Kubviswa kwemitero mishanu kwakarongwa:
- Mitero pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri (IPI) padanho remubatanidzwa
- Chirongwa chekubatanidza magariro (PIS) padanho remubatanidzwa
- Mupiro kune Social Security Financing (Cofins) padanho remubatanidzwa
- Mutero Pakutenderera Kwezvinhu uye Masevhisi (ICMS) padanho rehurumende
- Mutero pamusoro pesevhisi (ISS) padanho remanisipala.
Maererano nechikumbiro chekugadzirisa mutero, kusikwa kwemutero wakabatana kunorongwa. Iyo yakarongwa modhi ndeye Value Added Tax (VAT) mbiri, inoumbwa ne:
- Mutero Pazvinhu uye Masevhisi (IBS), iyo ichatsiva ICMS yeNyika uye ISS yemanisiparati; Zviri
- Mupiro paZvinhu neSevhisi (CBS), iyo ichabatanidza mitero yemubatanidzwa: PIS, Cofins uye IPI.
Mitero yese iri miviri ichave nehwaro hwakafara uye ichatora musimboti wekushandisa kwakazara kusiri-cumulative mumaketani ekugadzira, nekudaro kudzivirira kubuda kwemaitiro.
Chikumbiro chekugadzirisa mutero chinofanoona kugamuchirwa kwemitengo mitatu. Muyero mumwe chete uchava mutemo mukuru, uchiperekedzwa nea chiyero chakaderedzwa che60%, umo mari yakaunganidzwa ichave yakaenzana ne40% yehuwandu hwehuwandu. A zero rate ichagadzwa zvakare kune zvinhu zvakadai mishonga, Yunivhesiti Yese Chirongwa (Prouni) uye nokuda kwe mugadziri wega wekumaruwa. Shanduko yakakosha ndeyekuti mutero uchabhadhariswa pa destination, ndiko kuti, panzvimbo yekushandiswa kwezvakanaka kana sevhisi, pane kubhadhariswa pamavambo, sezvazviri kuitika iye zvino.
Electronics, mota uye auto zvikamu n5w3v
Zvinotarisirwa kuti industry sector kuve mumwe wevakanyanya kubatsirwa kubva mukugadziriswa kwemitero. Muhurongwa hwemitero hwazvino, hune mitengo yakati wandei, zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri zviri pakati pezvinobhadhara mutero wakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, smartphone inobhadhara 39,80% mumitero uye firiji 46,21%, maererano neIBPT data. Nekugamuchirwa kwe a chiyero chimwe che25%, mutoro wemutero wezvigadzirwa izvi uchaderedzwa. Mota uye zvikamu zvemotokari zvinofanirwawo kuita kuti mutero wavo uderedzwe nekuvandudzwa.
Pamusoro pezvibatsiro izvi, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, kazhinji, zvine cheni yekugovera kugadzirwa kwakawanda. Mune yazvino mutero system, izvi zvinokonzeresa kuunganidzwa kukuru kwemutero mukati meiyi bracket yemutero. Zvisinei, chirevo chekugadzirisa chinobva pane non-cumulative chizere, zvinoreva kuti mitero yose inobhadharwa mukati mechikamu chekugadzira ichabhadharwa gare gare. Izvi zvinowanzobatsira zvakanyanya zvinhu zvine cheni refu yekugadzira.
Streaming 5h1t66
Masevhisi e kumhanyira inogona kutambura nekuwedzera kwemutengo kana iyo yakajairwa mwero we25% inotariswa mukugadziriswa kwemutero, kubvira parizvino kubhadhara approx. 14% mutero. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, masevhisi enhare (ayo ane hukama neanotepfenyura masevhisi) ane tarisiro yekuve anowanikwa zvakanyanya, ndiko kuti, zvakachipa.
Mishonga 164g2q
Maererano nezano, mishonga e midziyo yekurapa achava a 50% kuderedza mutero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mwero wakajairwa uri 25%, zvigadzirwa izvi zvinofanirwa kubatirwa mutero pa12,5%. Parizvino, mishonga yekushandiswa kwevanhu iri pasi pemutero we33,87%, maererano nedata kubva kuBrazilian Institute of Planning and Taxation (IBPT) Mimwe mishonga chaiyo inoshandiswa kurapa gomarara haichabhadhariswi mutero.
Dzidzo, hutano, zvekufambisa nezvimwe p5f5q
Mushanduro yazvino yezvinyorwa, masevhisi anosanganisirwa mune inotevera runyorwa achave nekudzikiswa kwemuripo. The discount kubva chiyero chakaderedzwa chakawedzerwa kubva pa50% kusvika 60% yechiyero chakajairwa. Ona pazasi zviitiko zvichange zvine dhipatimendi yakaderera:
- Zvishandiso zvekurapa uye kuwanikwa kwevanhu vakaremara;
- Zvekurima, chikafu chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nevanhu uye zvigadzirwa zvehutsanana;
- Mishonga uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvakakosha zvehutano hwekuenda kumwedzi;
- Zvitsva zvekurima, kubata hove, masango uye zvirimwa zvekurima;
- National artic, tsika, journalistic uye audiovisual zvigadzirwa;
- Education services;
- Health services;
- Zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji zvevatakuri, kusanganisira mugwagwa, njanji uye nzira dzemvura, ine dhorobha, semi-mudhorobha, metropolitan, intercity uye interstate hunhu.
Jets uye speedboats 2e2p3s
Pakangobvumidzwa chikumbiro, internet yaive mumheremhere pamusoro pemutero wejeti uye mabhoti anomhanyisa. Chikumbiro ichi chinosanganisira kuunganidzwa kweMotor Vehicle Ownership Tax (IPVA) pamotokari dzemvura nemhepo - zvinova ndizvo chaizvo jets e mota. Nekudaro, ndege dzekurima hadzina kubatanidzwa mumhosva iyi, sezvikepe zvaive nemasangano epamutemo ane rezinesi rekupa. mabasa ekufambisa mvura, pamwe chete neaya evanhu kana masangano epamutemo akazvitsaurira maindasitiri, hunyanzvi, kubata hove kwesainzi kana kurarama.
Kusarudzika kunopihwa ngarava kunogona kuunza matambudziko mukuunganidza mutero. Maererano ne Unafisco (Association of Tax Auditors of the Federal Revenue), kuomerwa mukuronda nekuratidza mashandisirwo chaiwo emabhoti kunoguma kwakanganisa kushanda kwekuunganidza. Nyaya iyi inoburitsa kushushikana pamusoro pekugona kunzvenga kana kunzvenga kubhadhara mutero nekuda kwekushaikwa kwehutongi hwakakwana nekutarisisa.
Masevhisi anogona kudhura zvakanyanya 3gn58
O service sector inoratidza kushushikana pamusoro pemutero ungangove wakakwirisa kupfuura wazvino uno. Maererano neNational Trade Confederation (Cnc), kana chiyero che25% chikagamuchirwa, mutero unogona katatu mune zvimwe zviitiko mukati mechikamu. Parizvino, chikamu chebasa, kazhinji, chinobhadhara mutero wakaderera pane chikamu cheindasitiri. Makambani mazhinji ari muchikamu chebasa anowira pasi pemutero we Nyore yenyika, uye hurumende iyi icharamba iripo mushure mekugadzirisa mutero.
Iyo purojekiti ine chinangwa chekugumisa kuunganidzwa kwemitero mune yazvino system, iyo inoonekwa seyakanakira zvikamu zvese. Hurumende inoti shanduko iyi ichaita kuti hupfumi hwenyika husimukire, izvo zvichave nemigumisiro yakanaka munzvimbo dzese dzehupfumi.
Hurumende inoramba ichitaura izvozvo zvikamu zvose zvichabatsirwa nekugadzirisa mutero. Izvo zvinotarisirwa zvinowanikwa mugumisiro wekureruka kwehurongwa hwemitero, kubviswa kwemigumisiro ye "cascade taxation", kubudirira kwekubudirira uye kukura kwehupfumi. Nekuda kwemutero uri kubhadhariswa pakushandisa chete, kutengesa kunze kwenyika kuchave pasina mutero zvachose, izvo zvinopa mamwe mabhenefiti.
Cashback yevarombo 6u196q
The Federal Bumbiro parizvino inopa kuregererwa kubva pazvinhu zvinoonekwa zvakakosha. Rubatsiro urwu runosvika kuvagari vese, kunyanya vanhu vane mari shoma.
Chinyorwa chekugadzirisa mutero chinofunga nezvekugona kwe cashback (kunova kudzoserwa kwechikamu chemutero wakabhadharwa) kune chimwe chikamu chevanhu. Ichi chiyero chinodzivirirwa senzira ye kuderedza mutoro wemutero kune varombo uye kurwisa kusaenzana kwemari. Tsanangudzo chaiyo yekudzoka uku uye maitiro ayo achatsanangurwa mumutemo unopindirana, uyo uchagadzirisa mitemo nemaitiro ekushandisa iyi nzira.
Kuchinja kwacho kwatove kushanda here? 696415
Chikumbiro chinosimbisa a makore masere ekuchinja nguva nechinangwa chekugadzirisa mitengo zvishoma nezvishoma. Munguva iyi, zvinhu zvinozopedzisira zvave nekuwedzera mutero zvichave nemitengo yazvo yakawedzerwa. zvishoma nezvishoma, kungofanana neavo vachaderedzwa mutero, vachaderedzwa mitero yavo zvishoma nezvishoma. Chinyorwa chinoenderera mberi nefungidziro yeshanduko yemubatanidzwa kuenzanisa kupatsanurwa kwemari uye kuchengetedza kuunganidzwa pakati peMubatanidzwa, nyika nemanisiparati. Matanho aya ane chinangwa chekuona shanduko yakatsetseka uye kuderedza zvinokonzeresa zvinongoerekana zvaitika panguva yekuitwa kwekugadzirisa mutero, zvechokwadi.
Sezvo iri Proposed Amendment kuBumbiro reMitemo (Pec), Tax Reform inoda imwe nzira yemutemo kuti itenderwe. Rugwaro runofanirwa kupinda mumaraundi maviri ekuvhota muChamber of Deputies, parinofanirwa kuwana rutsigiro rwevatatu-vashanu vevatevedzeri (308 mavhoti) munharaunda yega yega. Zvadaro enda kune Senate, apo inopindawo nemavhoti maviri uye inoda kubvumidzwa nezvikamu zvitatu nezvishanu zvemavhoti achitsigira maseneta. Kana paine shanduko pane zvinyorwa panguva yehurongwa muSeneti, chikumbiro chinodzokera kuChamber kuti chivhoterwe zvakare.
Uye iwe, wakafungei nezve shanduko idzi? Uri kufara here nekugadziridzwa kwacho? Tiudze mashoko!
Onawo:
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Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa7/7/23.
