The 2m2k3r
De The Starry Night de Vincent van Gogh kunyange mafirimu akadai Interstellar de Christopher Nolan, vanhu vagara vachida kuziva nezvekukura kwechadenga uye zvisingazivikanwi zviri kunze kwepasi redu. Kugona kuwana mapuraneti akasiyana kwakamutsa kufarira kwevanhu kwemakore akawanda uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunovhura mikana yekuti ngano uye dzidziso dzive dzechokwadi mune ramangwana. 3q6x2o
Mukati mezana ramakore rechi 2000 dingindira iri rakabuda nesimba guru, zvikuru nokuda kwebudiriro yoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu iyo vanhu vakawana, uye ndokutora fungidziro yakakurumbira ine tarisiro huru ine chokuita neramangwana raizove pashure pema XNUMX. Kushanduka-shanduka munharaunda kwakasvika pakakwirira. panguva ye Cold War, apo United States neSoviet Union dzakaita nhangemutange yomuchadenga sekuratidzira kwesimba.
Zvisinei, tiri pedyo zvakadini neramangwana iroro uko kunobvira kushanyira mamwe matumbi emudenga muSolar System? Tingasvika kupi?
Chii chinonzi kuongorora muchadenga? 1g6dn
Tsanangudzo yekuongorora muchadenga igadziriro yekuedza kwemunhu kwakanangana nekuongorora nzvimbo nemativi ayo emudenga. Imwe yemafungiro ake ekutanga inodzokera ku1865, apo Jules Verne akabudisa bhuku racho Kubva Pasi kusvika kumwedzi (Kubva Panyika kusvika kuMwedzi, rakashandurirwa muchiPutukezi) richitsanangura rwendo rwekuenda kuMwedzi kubva kuNyika. Nekubudirira kwaro, mamwe mabhuku akati wandei akaongorora dingindira, achimutsa kufarira kwevanhu muzviono izvi.
Nekubuda kwepfungwa yekuongorora nzvimbo, zvakati wandei zvinokurudzira, pamusoro pekuda kuziva kwakachena, zvakabuda uye, kubva mukudzika kwechinyorwa, kufambira mberi kukuru muhunyanzvi kwakaitika nekufarira kukuru kwesainzi.
“Kuongorora nzvimbo kuchatova nemugumisiro wakatokura; Ichachinja chose chose nguva yemberi yorudzi rwomunhu uye zvichida kusarudza kana isu, kutaura idi, tine nguva yemberi. Izvi hazvigadzirise matambudziko edu mazhinji aripo paPasi, asi zvinozotipa maonero matsva pazviri uye zvoita kuti titarise kunze nemukati. Ndinovimba, kuongorora nzvimbo kunogona kutiunza pamwe chete kutarisana nedambudziko rakafanana. "
Stephen Hawking
Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, pfungwa iyi yakaparadzirwa uye parizvino inyaya yenhaurirano pamusoro pesainzi, tsika nehunyanzvi. Kuongorora muchadenga ndicho chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru zvevanhu, kungave kutsvaga hupfumi munzvimbo dzisina kuongororwa kana kutsvaga ruzivo nezvekwakabva kana ramangwana redu.
Vanhu vasvika kure zvakadini muchadenga? 3y4h3c
Musi waApril 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin akaita rimwe remamishinari akakosha munhoroondo yevanhu. Ichiita orbit yakatenderedza Pasi, yakaita the yekutanga-yakaitwa nemunhu spaceflight paVostok 1 mishoni. Parizvino, vanhu vawana zvinhu zvikuru uye chinangwa cheMars hachiratidzike chiri kure nechatiri chazvino. Zvisinei, vanhu vasvika papi?
Munguva ye Cold War, nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hweSoviet, the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space istration yekuUnited States) yakapiwa basa rekuendesa munhu kuMwedzi. Apollo, nehwerengedzo yemisheni gumi nenomwe nechinangwa chekuendesa vanhu kune yedu yechisikigo setiraiti kekutanga uye nekuwedzera horizons mukuongorora muchadenga.
Pakati pezvirongwa izvi Apollo, munhu akaita basa rekuendesa munhu kuMwedzi kekutanga aive Apollo 11 nevazivi vemuchadenga Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins uye Buzz Aldrin muna 1969. Mamwe mamishini akaitika aine chinangwa chekumhara pasetiraiti yechisikigo, semamishini. Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16 e Apollo 17. Kuva iye chete kukundikana, basa Apollo 13 iyo yakave yakakurumbira nekuda kwemutsara wekuti "Houston, tine dambudziko” zvichibva pakuputika kwetangi reokisijeni mumodule yebasa yakadzivirira kumhara paMwedzi.
Mumakore ekuma2000, the International Space Station - inozivikanwa se ISS - sechikamu chepurojekiti yeUnited States kushandisa nzvimbo sesaiti yekutsvaga nekusimudzira tekinoroji. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyangwe kupera kweHondo Yemashoko, zvidzidzo zvakagadziridzwa nekuda kwekutsvagisa nzvimbo, zvichiwedzera chishuwo chevanhu chekuenderera mberi.
Parizvino pane zvirongwa zve NASA uye pachikamu chega chega, rwendo rutsva rwemunhu nekuongorora nzvimbo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure paNyika. Zvisinei, kusvikira kuzuva rino, chinyorwa chedaro gurusa rati rambofamba munhu chichiri kuchengetwa nerimwe remisheni yepurogiramu. Apollo, urwu ndirwo rwendo rwe Apollo 13 muna Kubvumbi 1970 pachinhambwe chingangoita 400.171 km kubva pamusoro pePasi.
Ndeapi matekinoroji anodiwa panzendo refu? 3w166n
Zvipingamupinyi pakufamba nzendo refu kuenda muchadenga hazvisi zvishoma uye zvimwe zvacho zvinodarika kugona kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwevanhu. Kana chitundumeme chakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekutakura vanhu kuenda muchadenga, nhevedzano yezviwanikwa inodiwa kugonesa kufamba kwakachengeteka.
Nguva uye chinhambwe ndivo vavengi vakuru sezvo ivo vachida sisitimu inogona kungoshandiswa nevashandi, nemukana wekutadza uchienda kune zero, sezvo pasina nzira yekutumira zviwanikwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rinobvira. Mamwe matekinoroji anodiwa panzendo refu akanyorwa nekambani pachayo NASA ndeaya:
Sisitimu yekutsigira 6w5x2w
Chinhu chikuru mukufamba muchadenga kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vako. Naizvozvo, sisitimu yekutsigira yevazivi vemuchadenga inova imwe yetekinoroji huru parwendo rwekuongorora muchadenga. Aya ndiwo masisitimu ane basa rekuchengetedza vashandi vari vapenyu nenzira inovimbika zvakanyanya uye inotora huwandu hushoma hwenzvimbo parwendo. Kuve musanganiswa wemidziyo ine basa rekuita kuti hupenyu huvepo se carbon dioxide remover, teknolojia inogona gadzirai mvura yevashandi, zvirongwa zvemoto uye kunyange dzimba dzokugezera dzakakwana.
Advanced propulsion 5q4u2w
Spacecraft propulsion inodiwa kuti rwendo ruve nemazvo anodiwa chengetedza nzira yako yaunoda uye kuti zvinogoneka vashandi vodzokera kuNyika. Propulsion inokanganisa nguva uye chinhambwe cherwendo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha mafuta akakwana nokuda kwekushanda kwayo panguva yehushumiri.
Kudzivisa kupisa a562v
Kudzokera kumusha kunogona kuva rimwe rematanho akaoma zvikuru mukuongorora muchadenga uye chikamu chedambudziko iri chinobva mukupisa kunokonzerwa nekupinda kwechitundumeme mumhepo yePasi. Ngani Kana rwendo rwacho rwuri kure, ndipo panobva panyanya kupisa pakudzoka. uye nekuda kwekupisa uku kwakasikwa, zvinhu zvose zvinofanira kupikisa kupisa, kuitira kuti pave pasina kurasikirwa kwevanhu uye teknolojia.
Kudzivirirwa kwemwaranzi 3e234o
Kutenderedza Nyika kune simba remagineti rinotidzivirira mazuva ese kubva kumwaranzi yemuchadenga. Panyaya yekufamba muchadenga, chitundumeme chinenge chiri kunze kwemunda uyu, chichitambura mwaranzi yenguva dzose inobva kumitumbi yomudenga seZuva.Tichifunga izvi, chitundumememe chinoda kugadzirwa nehurongwa hunodzivirira vashandi nemidziyo kubva kuzviitiko zvinogona kuitika mumwaranzi.
Zvingatora nguva yakareba sei kusvika mapuraneti akaita seMars neJupiter? 2a183s
Nguva inodiwa parwendo inoenderana nehunyanzvi hunowanikwa, hunozoratidza kumhanya kwechitundumeme uye nzira yekutenderera kwepasi. Tichifunga kuti Mars inosvika mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi maviri emakiromita kubva kuZuva neNyika makiromita 220 miriyoni kubva kuZuva, zvine musoro kufunga kuti chinhambwe chedu kuenda kuMars makiromita 150 miriyoni.
Zvisineyi, mafambiro emapuraneti ane elliptical uye anoitika akatenderedza Zuva Naizvozvo, nhambwe iri pakati pemapuraneti maviri inotsamira zvakanyanya pane nzvimbo yadzo mumativi adzo, izvo zvinonyatso shandura nguva yekufamba pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi. Rwendo rwekuenda kune imwe nyika rwendo rwepakati penzvimbo inofamba ichienda kune imwe nzvimbo iri kufambawo. Zvadaro, the nhambwe iri pakati pemiviri miviri iyi inoshanduka.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pakuverenga uku kumhanya kwechitundumeme. Tichifunga nezvekumhanya kwepamusoro-soro zvichienderana nefizikisi - kunova kumhanya kwechiedza - rwendo rwuri pakati pemapuraneti maviri rwaizongotora maminetsi makumi maviri nemaviri, asi kumhanya uku hakusati kwave kukwanisika nehunyanzvi hwatiinahwo. Naizvozvo, Mazuva 260 anodiwa, paavhareji, parwendo urwu.
Panyaya yerwendo kuenda kune mamwe mapuraneti ari kure seJupiter, isu tine sereferensi yeJuno probe, iyo parizvino iri kutenderera pasirese. Maererano ne NASA, mumwe Juno akatora anenge makore mashanu kuti asvike pasi. Naizvozvo, kuedza kwakawanda kwetekinoroji nemasvomhu kuchiri kudikanwa kuti uone michina uye nzira yakakodzera kuitira kuti rwendo ruitike nenzira yakanyatsogadziriswa, inoda nguva shoma.
Ndedzipi njodzi dzekufamba seizvi? 1e4619
Kune njodzi dzakasiyana mukufamba kwemuchadenga uye huru dzakabatana nehunyanzvi hunodiwa hwataurwa pamusoro. Kukundikana kwezvigadzirwa zvemichina - zvekuti hazvigoneke kuichengeta panguva yerwendo - ndeimwe yenjodzi huru. Sezvo urwu rwuri rwendo rwuri kure nepasi redu, vafambi vari panjodzi yekushaikwa kwemidziyo isingawanikwe.
Nekudaro, dzimwe njodzi dzinoverengeka dzakabatana nerwendo rwekuongorora nzvimbo, senge chirwere chemuviri nepfungwa. Munguva yedenda Covidien-19, tese takanga takanamira pamba kwenguva yakareba uye vanhu vakati wandei vakanzwa mhedzisiro yepfungwa yekusaonana nevamwe vanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Uye, kana iri nyaya yekufamba muchadenga, mamiriro ezvinhu aya angadai asina kunyanya kusiyana. Nenzvimbo yakavharwa zvachose uye kuonana kushoma pakati penhengo dzevashandi chete, pane njodzi yakakomba yekuva nezvirwere zvepfungwa munhengo dzevashandi.
Pasinei neizvi, nemamwe matambudziko ese, kuongorora nzvimbo chishuwo chevanhu, kungave nekuda kuziva kana kutsvaga hupfumi. Mushure mezvose, vanhu vanogara vari mukutsvaga kusingaperi kutsvaga zvisingazivikanwe.
"Pasi inzvimbo diki munhandare yakakura yemuchadenga."
Carl Sagan
Onawo:
Takaita nyaya yakakwana nzendo dzese kuMwedzi neNASA uye vhidhiyo inotsanangura kuti sei vanhu vasina kuenda kuMwedzi mumakumi emakore apfuura:
Source: NASA, Thomas Edward, Fernando Alcoforado e nzvimbo.
