The 2m2k3r
Vanhu vatova negore rakatsanangurwa rekudzokera kuvhu remwedzi. Kuburikidza Artemis III basa, zvakarongwa kuti zviitike muna 2025, vanhu vachange vari pasetiraiti yedu yechisikigo mushure memakore anopfuura 50 vasipo, sezvo basa rekupedzisira rakaitwa nevanhu rakaitwa muna 1972. 5t656h
Sezvo zvese zvakagadzirirwa makore zvisati zvaitika, isu tichava nemapfekero matsva kubva NASA iyo inopa zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda maererano nezvinopedzisira kushandiswa nevazivi vemuchadenga vakaenda Lua. Tsvaga kuti chii chitsva uye kuti zvese zvakashanduka sei nekufamba kwemakore.
Chii chitsva nezvesutu nyowani yeNASA yeArtemis III 4dt6y
Basa Artemis III ichave yakaratidzwa kwete kungova wekutanga kutora munhu ane ruvara kuMwedzi, asiwo nechokwadi chokuti, zvakare kekutanga, mukadzi achange achiisa tsoka pavhu remwedzi. Zvipfeko zveichi chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yekuongorora kwakakosha zvakatoratidzwa uye zvinoratidzira zvishanu zvitsva.
Kufamba kukuru 2pe5a
Kana iwe wakatarisa mwaka mitatu yekutanga yenhevedzano Kune Vose Vanhu, zvirokwazvo akaziva kuti yekutanga space suit in NASA vaitaridzika kunge vakagadzirwa nealuminium foil kusvika pakupera kwemwaka wekutanga. Uye pasinei neutopia yenhevedzano Apple TV +, izvi zvakaitwawo muhupenyu chaihwo.
Muna 1959, apo sangano reAmerican space agency rakatanga kubhururuka kuenda kuMwedzi, zvaive zvakaoma kuti vazivi vemuchadenga vafambe-famba nezvinhu zvakawanda kudaro kudzivirira kupinda kwemwaranzi uye vachiri kubvumira oxygen kuti iunzwe.
Isu tinewo maitiro matsva ekugadzira anogona kudzivirira kudonha uye kugadzirisa kutaurirana kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekambani. NASA. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti muna 1972, panguva Apollo 17, kudonha kwemuchadenga kwakanyorwa nekuda kwehuremu hunorema hwemasutu.
NASA yakamira kugadzira masutu 6v1d6b
Kwemakore gumi nemashanu, sangano reAmerica rakagadzira spacesuit yemabasa ayo ese, asi izvi zvakashanduka nekuuya kwemamishini matsva. Zvipfeko zvitsva NASA yakaunzwa ye2025 mishoni yakagadziriswa nekambani Axiom Space uye fungidziro yekushandisa mari iUS $ 3,5 bhiriyoni panosvika 2035.
Izvi zvakasiyana nekugadzira a SpaceX zvipfeko, semuenzaniso: Kambani yaElon Musk inotarisira zvose zviri zviviri rocket development process uye zvipfeko zvevazivi venyeredzi.
Masutu achagadziridzwa kuitira mishoni kuMwedzi uye zvakare ISS (International Space Station kana International Space Station). Mugadziri anoratidza kuti zvipfeko zvitsva zveavo vanenge vari paMwedzi zvava kubvumira madaro marefu kuti avharwe pasina kukonzeresa kuneta nekuda kwehuremu hwesutu. Iyo kambani yekunze inovimbisa kuti zvese zvava nyore kupfeka. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira muchiitiko chekukurumidzira, kuwedzera pakupa nyaradzo.
Ngowani dzakavhenekerwa 3v6059
Chimwe chezvinhu zvainyanya kushandiswa nevazivi vemuchadenga kusvika 1972 aive mwenje wekuchengetedza. Asi pavanodzokera Lua, vanofamba muchadenga vachamhara panzvimbo isina chiedza chezuva. A Axiom Space yakakwanisa kugadzira helmet modhi ine chinongedzo chinoyeuchidza chemukurumbira mwenje kuti tinoziva.
Chiedza chinogona kushandiswa chero nguva nekuda kwekushanduka kwakanaka kwezvipfeko zvitsva. NASA, uye izvi zvinofanira kubatsira vazivi vemuchadenga kuita basa riri nani. Chimwe chinhu chitsva ndechekuti ki kweheti kune HD kamera inobvumira kurekodha kwechikepe neMwedzi.
Magirovhosi akavandudzwa nebhutsu z1b27
Tisati tave nematekinoroji aipisa maoko netsoka dzevazivi vemuchadenga, masutu mazhinji eNASA ainwa kubva kune inopisa yekupisa sosi kuitira kuti vazivi vemuchadenga vasaite dambudziko. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti Lua Haina mhepo, saka tembiricha yayo inosiyana kubva -184 degrees Celsius usiku kusvika 214 degrees Celsius masikati. Mamwe mapango ane tembiricha isingaperi inosvika -96 degrees Celsius.
Iyo nyowani yeNASA sutu, yakagadziridzwa neAxiom Space, ine yakatokura yekupisa yekupisa sisitimu mumabhutsu kuitira kuti tembiricha idzore uye vazivi vemuchadenga vasapinda mudambudziko. Uyezve, magirovhosi ane hurongwa hunofunga nezve mhedzisiro ye microgravity. Mukuita, izvi zvinobvumira zvinhu kuti zvibate zvakasimba. A NASA inotaura kuti shanduko idzi "dziviriro yekuwedzera panjodzi paMwedzi".
Zvipfeko zvitema ndezvekuongorora chete 6v3r5x
Sezvo kuchine makore maviri kusvika mishoni yatanga, iyo NASA achaita bvunzo nezvipfeko zvitsva. Iyo American space agency yakagadzira rabhoritari yekuyedza kuona kuti matekinoroji matsva ari kunyatso kushanda. Kana chitupa chapera, ipapo masutu matsva anozogadzirwa kubva kune ese-chena Mylar uye Kevlar zvinhu.
Nzvimbo yakasarudzwa kuyedza yaive Johnson Space Center Neutral Buoyancy Laboratoryr, mune Houston, aihwa Texas (USA). Nyanzvi dzinorangarira kuti chena inounza kunyaradza kwakanyanya kune avo vakapfeka sutu yeNASA nekuda kwekuratidzira chiedza uye nemwaranzi. Dema rinongoita zvakapesana: rinotora zvese izvi.
Nhoroondo yeNASA Inokodzera Kusvika Parizvino 1g702a
Pakazara, the NASA Akatova neshanduro gumi nembiri dzezvipfeko zvemishoni yake. Kungofanana nemaroketi uye mamwe matekinoroji, zvipfeko zvakaramba zvichishanduka kuti zvipe kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya uye kuita kune vanoongorora nyeredzi. Tarisa mafoto uye ruzivo rwese.
Mercury 1 Costume - 1959 45rx
Kutarisa zvakanyanya sesutu yakagadzirwa nealuminium foil, yekutanga vhezheni yeNASA masutu aive akasiyana zvakanyanya neatinawo nhasi. Kutanga kugadziridzwa kune vatyairi vendege vaibhururuka nendege varwi vepamusoro-soro, iyo American space agency yaida sutu yaigona kudzivirira vazivi vemuchadenga muchiitiko chekuora mwoyo kamwe kamwe mukamba, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwemunhu wese.
Mumwe nemumwe wevashandi akabhururuka achienda Mercury, mukati 1959, yaiva nemhando nhatu: imwe yekubhururuka, imwe yekuchengetedza uye imwe yekudzidzira. Data yepamutemo inoratidzawo kuti kukosha kwezvitatu izvi zvakasiyana kwaive US$20 (inenge R$104 mukutendeuka kwakananga). Dambudziko guru apa nderekuti vazivi vemuchadenga vaisakwanisa kutendeutsa mitsipa yavo, saka vaitofanira kutenderedza miviri yavo yese pazvaidiwa.
Mission:Mercury 3
Chipfeko 2 Mercury - 1961 11a5f
Kuenzaniswa nesutu yekutanga, yechipiri vhezheni ikozvino yaive neyakavhurika-yedunhu kufema system. Chimwe chinhu chitsva kudzora tembiricha, yakakwidziridzwa kuita aluminium-yakavharwa nylon casing. Bhutsu nyowani dzekuchengetedza dzakaonekwawo mune iyi yechipiri chipfeko.
Chekupedzisira, imwe shanduko yakakosha iri muzvigunwe zvemagirovhosi, ayo mushanduro yechipiri aive akakombama zvakanyanya kubatsira nekudzvanya mabhatani uye activate switch. Chainyanya kutariswa apa yaive yekupa nzira yekudimbudzira, iyo inogona, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, kupedzisira ichidzivirira zvese kuti zvisaitwe panguva chaiyo.
mishoni: kubva kuMercury 4 kusvika ku9.
Gemini 3 sutu - Kurume 1961 1yt44
Yakagadziridzwa zvakare neNASA, iyo Gemini sutu yakavakirwa pane yakakwirira-yakakwirira kumanikidza modhi, iyo X-15. Yaishandiswa nevazivi venyeredzi mukutanga, kubhururuka nekumhara. Chimwe chitsva ndechekuti, kusiyana nemapfekero Mercury, iyi vhezheni yakagadziridzwa kuti inyatsochinjika kana yakamanikidzwa.
Vemuchadenga vaivewo nemaair conditioning units akabatana nemasutu avo, ayo aishanda senhepfenyuro huru dzemhepo. Huremu hwemodhi yakadai yaive 10,7 kg uye chakashata chayo chikuru ndechekuti tembiricha yainge yakashata. Uyezve, chibatiso chengowani chaiva chisina kusimba.
Mission: Gemini 3
Chipfeko 2 - Gemini - Chikumi 1965 3z2w5p
Nemamwe mamishini arikuitika, the NASA akavandudza chipfeko chake zvakare. Nhau huru pano ndeyekuwedzerwa kwekudzivirira kwekuvandudza tembiricha pasi pezuva uye zvakare pasi pemumvuri.
Isu takave nekuwedzera kwemabhutsu akabatanidzwa uye iyo inobviswa visor iyo yakabvumira kuvharwa kana zvichidikanwa. Kare, helmete ndiro yaive yakagadzirwa nechinhu chinonzi Plexiglas; sutu itsva iye zvino ine ndiro yepamberi yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki yepolycarbonate, iyo inonyanya kumira.
mishoni: kubva kuGemini 4 kusvika ku8 (isina kushandiswa mu gemini 7).
Chipfeko cheGemini 7 - Zvita 1965 2b1w1w
Shanduko huru pano iri muhodhi ine lenzi yepamberi ichiri yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki yepolycarbonate, asi pachinzvimbo chengowani, isu tine zipper ine yakagadziriswa, yakajeka visor. Chinhu chakaiswa pamisoro yevazivi vemuchadenga chakavawo chakanyanya kufanana nechakashandiswa neUS Navy; maikorofoni nemudziyo wekuteerera zvakazoitwa kuti zviwanikwe kune vanofamba muchadenga kuitira kuti kutaurirana kuve nani.
Iyo zippers yaive chikamu chechokwadi chekuvandudza, sezvo vaibvumira nhengo dzevashandi kugadzirisa uye kubvisa sutu yese panguva yekubhururuka.
mishoni: Gemini 7.
Zvipfeko zveProjekti Apollo 5a4in
Pakazara, takanga tine shanduro nhatu dzakabatsira Neil Armstrong kutsika mwedzi kekutanga. Yekutanga yaive neyakakurumbira "jetpack" yaive isiri bhegi rine zita reExtravehicular Mobility Unit (UMEs).
Mamodheru acho aive neseti yemasutu ekumanikidza uye inotakurika system yechero emergency inogona kuisa hupenyu hwemuchadenga panjodzi. Shanduro yekutanga yakashandiswa paApollo 1. Ona mufananidzo:
Yechipiri shanduro yakagadzirwa mushure memoto Apollo 1, kushandiswa pakati pemishonis Apollo 7 kusvika 14. Iyo modhi yairema 96,2 kg uye yaishandiswa kuita zviitiko zvemotokari pamwedzi uye zvakare kumhara. Mashoko kubva NASA ndezvekuti yakabvumira muzivi wemuchadenga kufamba paivhu remwedzi kwemaawa manomwe uye, muzviitiko zvechimbichimbi, yakaramba ichipa mamwe maminetsi makumi matatu kuti adzokere kuchikepe.
Shanduro yechitatu, ye Apollo mishoni 15, 16 uye 17, yakanga ine zvimwe zvitsva. Yakagadziridzwa kuti ishandiswe mumajipi eguta. NASA, inozivikanwawo se Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). Mabhegi emushanduro wechitatu akange ave kukwanisa kuunganidza okisijeni yakawanda, simba uye mvura inotonhorera.
Hatigoni kukundikana kutaura masimbi madiki emagetsi akatakurwa pasi pemhete yepamusoro yeheti. Pakushandisa sutu yekuongorora kunze, vazivi vemuchadenga vaivewo nemabhegi madiki akaita sekora emvura yekunwa kuitira chero emergency.
Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) - 1984 n6t2y
Sutu ine bhegi rakakosha raibvumira kubhururuka muchadenga yakagadzirwa ne NASA, asi mushure mekuongorora, zvakasarudzwa kuti kushandiswa kwe MMU zvakanga zvine ngozi zvikuru. Kutya kukuru kwaiva kwokuti, sezvo pakanga pasina bhandi raidzivirira mufambisi wechadenga kuenda kuchitundumeme, dambudziko ripi neripi nemainjini raigona kusiya munhu ari mudenga.
Sangano remuchadenga reUS rakafunga kuti zvaive zvakachengeteka kushandisa maoko emurobhoti kana mota dzinotsigirwa dzinoita kuti muzivi wemuchadenga asavharirwa pamotokari yavo huru. Asi yaivepo uye yaitoshandiswa nevanhu vakawanda.
Space Shuttle zvipfeko - kubva 1981 kusvika 1994 18722k
Kunyange zvazvo misheni yezvitundumeme yaizivikanwa nokuda kwezvipfeko zvavo zvakakurumbira zveruvara rwenhanga, dzokutanga dzakanga dzine ruvara rwevhu. Muna 1981, apo John Young e Robert Crippen vakatora muchikepe chemuchadenga kekutanga, vakapfeka sutu yekutiza ejection. Rangarira:
Chikonzero chikuru chakasarudzwa ruvara rwakasiyana ndechekuti vazivi vemuchadenga vanga vasiri kuita ongororo kunze kwechivharo chakakosha, saka sutu yekukasira yekukurumidza ndiyo yakasarudzwa. Chipfeko ichi chakashandiswa kusvika 1988.
Zvinhu zvose zvakashanduka muna 1994, apo vazivi vemuchadenga vakasiya motokari. Anozivikanwa se Pumpkin Sutu, iyi modhi inopenya yaive ine sutu yekumanikidza yaishandiswa kusimuka uye kutiza mishoni STS-26 muna 1988 e STS-65 muna 1994. Yekutanga vhezheni yesutu yenhanga yairema 13,6 kg uye tsigiro yehupenyu hwekutanga yaive chivharo chemuchadenga pachacho. Muchiitiko chekukurumidzira, the NASA yakavimbisa hupenyu hwemuchadenga kwemaminetsi gumi.
Imwe vhezheni yesutu yeorenji yakagadziridzwa zviitiko zvinoitwa mukati memotokari, kunyanya pakati pemishoni. STS-64 kusvika STS-135. Huremu hweiyi modhi hwaive 13 kg uye chaitariswa kwaive kune mishoni kunze kwechivharo chemuchadenga, chaive chitsigiro chekutanga chehupenyu. vimbiso yeNASA yaivewo maminetsi gumi.
Pakati pezvipfeko zvatataura munyaya ino, ndezvipi zvaunofarira? Tiudze mashoko!
Onawo
Kangani munhu aenda kuMwedzi? Ona ese mamishini eNASA
Neruzivo: Daily Mail
Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa20/03/23.
