Masayendisiti akagadzira mutant enzyme inopwanya mabhodhoro ezvinwiwa zvepurasitiki - zvachose netsaona. Kubudirira uku kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko repasi rose rekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki nekugonesa kudzokorodza kwakazara kwebhodhoro kekutanga. 1a3n5w
Kuwanikwa netsaona h5e65
Tsvagiridzo itsva iyi yakakurudzirwa nekuwanikwa muna 2016 kwebhakitiriya rekutanga rakangoshanduka richidya plastiki, munzvimbo inoraswa marara muJapan.
Chikwata chepasi rose chakabva chaita kuti enzyme ione kuti yakashanduka sei, asi bvunzo dzakaratidza nekusaziva kuti molecule yakaita zvirinani pakupwanya PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastiki inoshandiswa mumabhodhoro esoda. "Chakazoguma ndechekuti isu takavandudza enzyme, izvo zvakatishamisa.", akadaro mudzidzisi John mcgeehan, ipapo Yunivhesiti yePortsmouth, muUnited Kingdom, uyo akatungamirira tsvakurudzo yacho. "Zvakanaka uye kuwanikwa chaiko."
Iyo mutant enzyme inotora mazuva mashoma kuti itange kuputsa purasitiki - nekukurumidza kupfuura mazana emakore chigadzirwa chinotorwa mumakungwa. Asi vaongorori vane tarisiro yekuti izvi zvinogona kukwidziridzwa zvakare uye ive nzira inogoneka yakakura-chiyero.
"Zvatinotarisira kuita kushandisa enzyme iyi kudzorera purasitiki iyi kuita zvinhu zvayo zvepakutanga, kuti tikwanise kuidzosera mupurasitiki.", akadaro McGeehan. "Izvi zvinoreva kuti hatichadi kuchera mamwe mafuta uye, zvakanyanya, kuderedza huwandu hwepurasitiki munzvimbo."
Mapurasitiki mashoma munyika 5o5p1y
Anosvika miriyoni imwe yemabhodhoro epurasitiki anotengeswa miniti yega yega pasirese, uye ne1% chete yakadzokororwa, mazhinji anopedzisira apinda mumakungwa, umo akasvibisa kunyange nzvimbo dziri kure, achikuvadza hupenyu hwemugungwa uye vangangove vanhu vanodya zvekudya zvemugungwa. . “Inoshingirira zvisingaite pakudzikisirwa. Mimwe yemifananidzo iyi inotyisa”, akadaro McGeehan. "Ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa izvo zvakaitwa zvishoma zvakanyanya."
Nekudaro, parizvino, kunyangwe iwo mabhodhoro anodzokororwa anogona kungoshandurwa kuita opaque fiber yezvipfeko kana makapeti. Iyo enzyme itsva inoratidza nzira yekudzoreredza mabhodhoro epurasitiki akajeka kudzokera mumabhodhoro epurasitiki akajeka, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kukosha kwekugadzira mapurasitiki matsva.
"Unogara uchipokana nenyaya yekuti mafuta akachipa, saka mhandara PET yakachipa", akadaro McGeehan. "Zviri nyore kuti vagadziri vagadzire zvakawanda zvezvinhu izvi, pane kuedza kuzvishandura. Asi ndinotenda kuti pane mutyairi weruzhinji pano: maonero ari kuchinja zvekuti makambani ari kutanga kuona kuti angashandise sei izvi nenzira kwayo. "
Tsvakurudzo itsva, yakabudiswa mujenari Nyaya dzeNational Academy yeScience, yakatanga nekuona magadzirirwo chaiwo eenzayimu rinogadzirwa nekapembenene kechiJapan. Chikwata chakashandisa Diamond mwenje sosi, Kuvhara kwe Oxford, UK, danda rakasimba reX-ray rinopenya zvakapetwa bhiriyoni gumi kupfuura zuva uye rinogona kuratidza maatomu ega ega.
Mamiriro ee enzyme akaoneka akafanana chaizvo neakagadzirwa nemabhakitiriya mazhinji kuputsa cutin, polima yechisikigo inoshandiswa sechidziviriro chekudzivirira nezvirimwa. Asi apo boka rakashandisa iyo enzyme kuti ishandise kubatana uku, ivo netsaona vakavandudza kugona kwayo kudya PET.
"Kuvandudza zvine mwero - 20% zvirinani - asi handizvo izvo", akadaro McGeehan. “Zvinoshamisa nekuti zvinotiudza kuti enzyme haisati yagadzirwa. Izvi zvinotipa mukana wekushandisa tekinoroji yese yave ichishandiswa mukugadzira mamwe maenzayimu kwemakore nemakore uye kugadzira enzyme inomhanya kwazvo. "
Simba remaindasitiri enzymes 4w523x
Maindasitiri enzymes anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso, mukugezesa hupfu uye mukugadzira biofuels. Vakaitwa kuti vashande kusvika ka1.000 nekukurumidza mumakore mashoma, nguva imwechete iyo McGeehan anofanotaura nezve enzyme yekudya kwepurasitiki.
Kuvandudzwa kunobvira kuri kuongororwa kuisirwa mutant enzyme kuita a "Extremophile bacteria" iyo inogona kurarama tembiricha iri pamusoro pe70C, panguva iyo PET inoshanduka kubva kune girazi kuenda kune viscous state, ichiita kuti iparadze 10 kusvika 100 nguva nekukurumidza.
Basa rakapfuura rakaratidza kuti mamwe fungi anogona kuputsa PET plastiki, iyo inoumba inenge makumi maviri muzana yepasi rose kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki. Asi mabhakitiriya ari nyore kwazvo kusungira kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.
Mamwe marudzi epurasitiki anogona kuputswa nemabhakitiriya ari kubuda munharaunda, McGeehan akati: "Vanhu vave kuzvitsvaga nesimba." PET inonyura mumvura yegungwa, asi mamwe masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti tumbuyu tunodya mapurasitiki rimwe zuva tingafiritwa mumvura.
"Ini ndinofunga [kutsvagisa kutsva] ibasa rinonakidza kwazvo, rinoratidza kuti kune mukana wakasimba wekushandisa tekinoroji yemaenzayimu kubatsira nedambudziko riri kukura remarara munharaunda.", akadaro Oliver Jones, kemisitiri RMIT Yunivhesiti muMelbourne, Australia, uye haisi chikamu cheboka. boka retsvakurudzo.
"MaEnzymes haana chepfu, anogona kuparara uye anogona kugadzirwa akawanda netwupukanana", akati. "Pachine nzira yekuenda kuti mapurasitiki akawanda asati ashandiswazve nema enzymes, uye zvingave zviri nani kudzikisa huwandu hwepurasitiki inogadzirwa pakutanga. [Asi] iri inhanho yenzira yakanaka.
