Pashure pemakumi mashanu emakore, the NASA yatova nezuva idzva rekudzokera kwariri Lua nebasa Dhiana 1. Kusimuka kwakarongerwa mwedzi uno, Nyamavhuvhu 29. Mishoni, iyo inofanirwa kugara kwemavhiki matanhatu, inofanira kunge iri yekutanga mune dzakatevedzana dzenzendo kuenda ku Satellite yepasi, maererano neNorth America space agency.
Mishoni inotanga neyedzo yendege isina kurongwa, asi inofanirwa kushanduka kuita mabasa akaomarara mumakore anotevera. Zvimwe zvebudiriro zvinotsvakwa nesainzi ndezvekumhara mukadzi wekutanga uye munhu mutema wekutanga paMwedzi.Sekureva kwa NASA, mishoni ichagadzirawo nzira ye "kuvapo kwenguva refu kwemwedzi" uye achashanda se "springboard kutumira vanoongorora nyeredzi kuMars". Tevere, tsvaga zvese nezve itsva nzvimbo mishoni.
Chii chekutarisira kubva kuAtemisi mishoni
Iyo Space Launch System (SLS) roketi uye spacecraft Orion akasvika palaunch pad Kennedy Space Center, muFlorida, neChitatu mangwanani (17). Kusvika zuva rekutanga, mamwe mimwe miedzo ichaitwa, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekutendeseka kwemidziyo uye ngarava pachayo, mukuwedzera kune kuchengetedzwa kwemishoni.
Basa Dhiana 1 inosanganisira rocket SLS, iyo hofori mota ine chiratidzo cheNASA, uye spacecraft Orion, iyo ine miripo inobhadharwa inoitirwa kuongororwa kwesainzi. Pachasimuka musi wa29 Nyamavhuvhu, chitundumeme chinotakura zvinhu zvakakosha muchikepe. Pakati pavo pachava mannequins matatu, matoyi uye kunyange a Alexa da Amazon, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvenhoroondo uye zvedzidzo, senge menduru yechirangaridzo yeApollo 8, Apollo 11 mission patch uye screw kubva kune imwe yeApollo 1 F-11 injini). Pakazara, iyo Artemis 1 mishoni ichatakura 120 kilogiramu yezvinhu nemidziyo pakubhururuka kwayo kwepamutemo.
"Tichatora mamwe mannequins uye mamwe matorso anotevedzera matishu uye nhengo dzemunhu, kuti tikwanise kuongorora dziviriro kubva kune radiation uye kunzwisisa kuti kukurumidza kwemotokari kungakanganisa sei muviri wemunhu"
Melissa Jones - Artemis 1 mutungamiriri wekudzoreredza
Kunetseka uku kunonzwisisika, nekuti, kunyangwe kuchange kusingazove nechikwata chevanhu parwendo urwu rwekutanga, pfungwa ndeyekuti, mune ramangwana, vazivi vemuchadenga vari muchikepe vachadzoka kuzoenderera mberi nebasa riri kuitwa izvozvi, vachishandisa zvinhu uye ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa Artemis 1.
NASA inodzokera kuMwedzi nezvinangwa zvikuru zviviri: kuisa chiteshi chemuchadenga paMwedzi, pamwe nedzimba dzevanoongorora muchadenga, uye chishuwo chekusvika kuMars. Izvi zvese chikamu chekuyedza kweNASA kukoshesa kufamba kwevanhu munzvimbo, sekuratidzwa kwehurongwa.Mwedzi kuenda kuMars” (kubva kuMwedzi kuenda kuMars, mushanduro chaiyo), iyo inoda kutumira vanoongorora nyeredzi kupasi panosvika 2040.
Rwendo rurongwa
Basa reArtemis 1 richatanga nekuparurwa kweroketi Space Yekutanga Sisitimu (SLS) - chimiro chakaenzana neimba ye 32-storey. Iine Orion space capsule, inotarisirwa kubhururuka makiromita angangosvika chiuru kubva kumwedzi uye kutumira zvitundumeme zvidiki zvekutsvagisa nekubva paMwedzi - rudzi rwechiteshi chemuchadenga chemwedzi.
Akagara pachigaro cheOrion chekuraira achange ari Commander Moonikin Campos, mannequin anozobatsira kuunganidza data pamusoro pezvingazosangana nevashandi vevanhu parwendo rwemwedzi. Zita rechidhori rakasarudzwa kuburikidza nekubvunzurudzwa kweveruzhinji uye mutero kuna Arturo Campos, maneja weNASA yemagetsi subsystem akabatsira nekudzoka kwakachengeteka kweApollo 13 kuPasi.
Chiteshi chemutungamiriri chichava nemamwe masensa ari ki kwechigaro uye musoro, nekudaro ichitevera kukwidziridza uye kudedera panguva yemishini, iyo inofanirwa kugara mazuva makumi mana nemaviri. Iyo mannequin ichapfekawo chipfeko chitsva Orion Crew Kupona System, yakagadzirirwa kuti vazivi vemuchadenga vapfeke panguva yekuvhurwa uye kupinda zvakare. Iyo sutu zvakare inosanganisa maviri masensa anokwanisa kuyera radiation.
Vamwe vaviri vatambi vari munyaya iyi ndiHelga naZohar, vachange vari mune zvimwe zvigaro zviviri muOrion. Aya mannequin torsos anogadzirwa kubva kumidziyo inotevedzera manyoro emukadzi, nhengo nemapfupa. Iwo matorso maviri ane anopfuura zviuru zvishanu nemazana matanhatu masensa uye makumi matatu nemana emagetsi ekuona kuti aone kuti yakawanda sei kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi kunoitika panguva yemishini.
A Alexa da Amazon, yatakambotaura nezvayo, chikamu chekuratidzira tekinoroji yakagadzirwa na Lockheed Martin, Amazon e Cisco. Iyo tekinoroji demo, inonzi Callisto, inoratidzira yakagadziridzwa shanduro yemudziyo, mubatsiri wezwi wekambani. Amazon, uye teleconference platform WebEx da Cisco kuyedza kuita kwezvikumbiro izvi munzvimbo.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa nezvenyaya iyi yese inyaya yekuti mainjiniya haana chaakashandisa kana zvishoma pane a iPad yekuyedza muEarth orbit. Chigadzirwa che apuro achaita semuchadenga anotaura naye Alexa. Pfungwa yezvese izvi ndeye kuratidza kuti vazivi vemuchadenga uye vanodzora ndege vanogona sei kutora mukana wetekinoroji kuita kuti basa ravo rishande uye rakachengeteka, kunyangwe vari muchadenga.
Mushure mekuverenga pasi, iyo SLS ichasimuka kuburikidza nemhepo yePasi. Mukati memaminetsi maviri, ese ayo akasimba propellant anopedzwa uye mabhodhoro eroketi anoraswa. Mumaminetsi masere, mafuta ese emvura anopedzwa uye nhanho yeroketi ichaiswawo jettisoned. Ipapo, kwemaminetsi gumi nemasere anotevera, Orion nedanho repamusoro reroketi zvichatenderedza pasi redu rega. Zvinotora Orion anenge maminetsi gumi nemaviri kuendesa masolar uye kudzima simba rebhatiri.
"Zvatinotsvaga nemwedzi zvinobva pachishuwo chekuongorora sainzi, uye kwete kungosiya mireza netsoka, sekureva kunoita vazhinji kumishini yeApollo"
Cathy Koerner - Mutevedzeri Mukuru weNASA
Sezvo chitundumeme chinosvika pamusoro pemwedzi, chichiuya chete mamaira makumi matanhatu kubva pasi pesetiraiti, chichatanga kuita zviedzo zvesainzi kuti chiedze simba rinokweva remwedzi, ngozi dzemwaranzi, uye kunyange kutora mifananidzo yakanaka. Munzira, Orion ichaendesawo mamwe madiki satellite, anonzi CubeSats, saizi yebhokisi reshangu, kumepu pamusoro pemwedzi, kudzidza homwe dzeaizi uye kuyedza nzvimbo yekudzivirira mwaranzi.
Pakupera kwerwendo rwayo rune chiitiko, chitundumeme chichadzokera kupasi redu uye kugadzirira kunyura kubva kumahombekombe eSan Diego. Kana izvi zvangoitwa, timu pa NASA ichabvisa iyo data uye iyo Artemis 1 mishoni ichapera. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kupera kwechirongwa chaAtemisi, zvakapesana, zvinomiririra chete kutanga kwerwendo rurefu rwenzvimbo.
Zvirongwa zvenguva yemberi
Yekutanga manned mishoni yakarongerwa kuitika kubva 2025, sezvo, munguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo yakazivisa zvimwe zvinetso zvakaita kuti imbosendeka kumhara pamwedzi kunoitwa nomunhu. "Tiri kufungidzira tarisiro isati yasvika 2025 yeArtemis 3, ingave mota yekutanga inotungamirwa nevanhu mukuratidzira kwekutanga kwemotokari yakahwina mumakwikwi eSpaceX", anotsanangura kudaro Bill Nelson, mutauriri wesangano rinokosha rokuNorth America.
“Kune isu tese takatarisa Mwedzi tichirota zuva apo vanhu vanodzokera kumwedzi, tiri kudzoka. Rwendo urwu, rwendo rwedu, runotanga naAtemisi 1”
Bill Nelson - mukuru weNASA
Kana mamishini ekutanga akabudirira, nzendo dzinotevera dzinenge dziine vazivi vemuchadenga parwendo rwakawedzerwa rwepamusoro peMwedzi - pamwe kwemavhiki. Zvinofungidzirwawo kuti, muna 2027, vazivi vemuchadenga vari muchikepe Artemis 4 vachashandisa I-HAB module - pekugara kwevashandi vanozoongorora Mwedzi kubva kuchiteshi chemwedzi. Gateway, ichiri kuvakwa.
Irikuenderera mberi kubva 2017, chirongwa cheArtemis chatodhura US$40 bhiriyoni. Pasinei ne NASA iri mberi kweprojekiti, basa iri zvakare rine rubatsiro rwemamwe masangano ehurumende yekunze, akadai seEuropean Space Agency, yeEU (European Union), iyo yakapa Orion capsule service module paArtemis 1 uye zvakare inobatana kuvaka I-HAB ye Gateway.
Pamusoro pezvo, Japan iri kugadzirawo chitundumeme chinotakura zvinhu kuti chishandiswe muchiteshi chemwedzi chemangwana. Canada iripo zvakare nekugadzira robhoti ruoko rwechiteshi Gateway. Pakupedzisira, dzimwe nyika makumi maviri neimwe, kusanganisira Brazil, dzakasaina Artemis Accords - kuedza kwakaitwa neWashington kumisa mitemo yenguva yemberi yekuongorora Mwedzi.
Onawo:
NASA iri kuregedza iyo International Space Station (ISS), ichipa nzvimbo yebasa rakazvimirira rekutengesa. Ona kuti ramangwana reISS rinofanira kunge riri rei.
