China space station, Tiangong, inomiririra chiitiko chakakosha mukutsvagisa nzvimbo yenyika yeAsia. Yakaumbwa nemamodule makuru uye marabhoritari, chiteshi ichi chakagadzirirwa kushanda kwenguva refu, nechinangwa chekuita kuyedza kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, mukuwedzera mukusimudzira kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese muchadenga. Tiangong chikamu chakakosha chechirongwa cheChina chekuda chinzvimbo, icho chinosanganisira mishoni dzakaitwa nevanhu, zvichiratidza kuzvipira kweChina mukuongorora muchadenga netsvakiridzo yesainzi. 2p4q4s
Chirongwa Tiangong iyo yaive nemodule yayo yekutanga yakatangwa muna 2021, inomiririra kubudirira kukuru kuChina, kubatanidza chimiro chayo sesimba rinokwira remuchadenga. Iyo nzvimbo chiteshi inopa yakasarudzika mikana yekutsvagisa mune microgravity, space biology, fizikisi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzesainzi. Tsvaga zvimwe nezve purojekiti iri pasi apa.
Foundation 526bo
Yakagadzirwa uye inodzorwa na Chinese Manned Space Agency (CMSA), Space Station Tiangong, ou tiangong-3, inoratidza kufambira mberi kwakakosha muchirongwa chayo chemuchadenga. Iri zita rekuti "Tiangong", zvinoreva kuti "Imba yeKudenga" muchiChinese, inoratidza chishuvo nekukosha uko China inonamira pachiteshi ichi. Yakagadzirwa se modular nzvimbo yakaoma, iyo Tiangong yakagadzirirwa kuve rabhoritari yekutsvagisa mune yakaderera Earth orbit, ichikurudzira yekucheka-kumucheto kuyedza kwesainzi, kucherechedzwa kwePasi uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemuchadenga.
Kuvakwa kweSpace Station Tiangong yakaitwa mumatanho akawanda. Yekutanga module, Tianhe, yakatangwa muna Kubvumbi 2021, uye yakazogarwa nevatatu vevatatu. taikouts -Izwi rinoshandiswa neChinese space agency kureva vazivi venyeredzi vekuChina - vakatumwa na Shenzhou-12. Gare gare, chiteshi chakawedzerwa nemamodule ekuedza Wentian e Mengtian mu 2022. Nokudaro, chiteshi chacho chinoumbwa nenhevedzano ye interconnected main modules iyo inoumba inoshanda nzvimbo yakaoma, inopa nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye inobudirira yekuita tsvakurudzo munzvimbo.
China yakaratidza kufarira kushanda pamwe nemamwe masangano epasi rose emuchadenga, akadai NASA and the ESA, kuita zviedzo uye mamishini akabatana pachiteshi chemuchadenga. A Tiangong inorongwa kushanda kweanenge makore gumi, ine zvirongwa zvekuwedzera nekusimudzira nekufamba kwenguva. Chiteshi ichi chinoshanda sechinhu chakakosha chekutsvagisa nzvimbo yeChinese uye sechitubu chemisheni yenguva yemberi ine vanhu kuMwedzi, Mars nekumhiri.
Zvimiro 2h554n
China yakaita nhamburiko yekuda kumisikidza kuvepo kwayo mupasi pasi orbit nekuvaka chiteshi chemuchadenga Tiangong sechikamu chechinangwa chinoshuvira ichi. Nyika, kwete kuva shamwari ye International Space Station (ISS), yakatanga precursor space marabhoritari tiangong-1 muna 2011 uye tiangong-2 muna 2016, ese ari maviri achipa ruzivo rwakakosha mukusimudzira chiteshi Tiangong. Aya marabhoritari emuchadenga aive akakosha kushanduka kweChina uye kudzidza muchadenga, kugadzirira nzvimbo yekuvakwa kwechiteshi chemuchadenga.
Iyo chiteshi ndiyo yakakosha module, iyo Tianhe, yakatangwa musi wa29 Kubvumbi, 2021. Zvichireva kuti “kuwirirana kwedenga,” inoita basa rinokosha mukupa vanhu vanosvika vatatu vanosvika mungarava tsigiro youpenyu uye pokugara. Iyi moduli yakakosha pamashandiro emunhu pachiteshi, ichishanda sehwaro hwezviitwa zvevanhu muchadenga uye senzvimbo yekudzora mashandiro echiteshi.
China yakafambira mberi nekusangana kwechiteshi, ichitanga module yerabhoritari Wentian musi waChikunguru 24, 2022, iyo inopa humwe humba, hutsigiro hwehupenyu hwekuwedzera, uye chikuva chesainzi chekunze chine ruoko rwerobhoti. Zvino, muna Gumiguru 31, 2022, module yerabhoritari yakatangwa Mengtian, iyo inopedzisa musimboti wechiteshi. Mengtian akashongedzerwa nekamhepo kadiki diki kufambisa kufambisa kwezviedzo mukati nekubuda muchiteshi, vachishandisa ruoko rwerobhoti rweWentian kufamba. Aya ekuwedzera mamodule anowedzera kugona kwechiteshi, achigonesa akasiyana ezviitwa zvekutsvagisa uye kuyedza munzvimbo.
Kupedzwa kweChinese space station Tiangong musi waNovember 5, 2022 wakaisa chiitiko chakakosha kuChina mumunda wekuongorora nzvimbo. Chiteshi chakapedzwa mushure mekunyatso fambisa module ichangosvika, Mengtian, kuchiteshi chayo chekugara. Kuenzaniswa neInternational Space Station (ISS), A Tiangong idiki zvakanyanya, iine matatu mamodules achienzaniswa neiyo ISS's 16. Pamusoro pe Tiangong yakareruka zvakanyanya, iine 20% yehuremu hwe ISS, huremu hunosvika matani mazana mana (400 metric tons).
Iyo 16,6 metres kureba yeTianhe module inoita basa repakati muchiteshi, iine nzvimbo yekumisikidza inoibvumira kugashira vashandi veShenzhou uye Tianzhou cargo spacecraft. Ruoko rwakakura rwerobhoti rwaive rwakakosha pakumisa maMengtian neWentian modules uye zvakare kubatsira vanoongorora muchadenga panguva yekufamba muchadenga. Tianhe yakakura kudarika marabhoritari ekuongorora nzvimbo Tiangong 1 ne2, yakatangwa neChina mumakore gumi apfuura, uye inorema zvakapetwa katatu, inorema matani makumi maviri nemana (24 metric tons). Iyi module inopa hupfumi hwenzvimbo inogona kushandiswa kune veChinese vazivi venyeredzi, ichipa yakawedzera kupamhama uye yakagadzikana nharaunda yekugara nekushanda munzvimbo.
Pamusoro pekushanda senzvimbo yekutanga yevazivi vemuchadenga uye pekugara masisitimu ekufambisa anodiwa kuti chiteshi chirambe chiri munzira, Tianhe inoratidzira tsigiro yehupenyu yekuvandudza, kusanganisira hurongwa hwekudzoreredza weti yevazivi vemuchadenga, ichivabvumira kuti varambe vari munzira kwenguva yakareba.
A Tiangong ichabatanidzwawo neteresikopu yemuchadenga yakafanana neHubble, inonzi Xuntian, iyo inogovera kutenderera kwechiteshi uye inogona kumira nayo kuti igadziriswe, kugadzirisa uye pamwe nekusimudzira. Iine 2-mita dhayamita girazi uye nzvimbo yekuona yakakura zvakapetwa mazana matatu kupfuura yaHubble, Xuntian ichavavarira kuongorora 300% yedenga pamakore gumi ichishandisa hombe yayo 40 bhiriyoni pixel kamera.
Chiteshi chemuchadenga Tiangong Iyo ine mukana wekuwedzera uye inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika matanhatu module mune ramangwana. Bai Linhou, mutevedzeri wemukuru mugadziri wechiteshi chemuchadenga, akataura kuti chiteshi ichi chinogona kushanduka kuita musanganiswa wemamodule mana akachinjika, zvichibvumira kuwedzera mamwe mamodule maviri kune orbital outpost.
Zvinokurudzira 2q3d2u
China ine zvakati wandei zvinokurudzira kutanga chiteshi chemuchadenga Tiangong uye kuwedzera kugona kwayo muchadenga. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru chishuwo chenyika chekuve simba rinotungamira remuchadenga nekuratidza kugona kwayo kuita zvepamberi, zvenguva refu nzvimbo mashandiro. Kutanga uye kushanda kwe Tiangong zvinoonekwa sechiratidzo chekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hweChina uye mukurumbira wepasi rose mumunda wekuongorora muchadenga.
Uyezve, China yakatarisana nekusimudzira tsvakiridzo yesainzi uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji kuburikidza Tiangong. Iyo chiteshi chemuchadenga chinopa yakasarudzika nharaunda yekuita zviyedzo mu microgravity, space biology, fizikisi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzesainzi. Kuenderera mberi kwekuvapo kwevazivi vemuchadenga pachiteshi kuchabvumira kuwanda kwekuedza kuitwe izvo zvinozobatsira zvakanyanya mukusimudzira ruzivo rwevanhu muchadenga.
China inofarirawo kuwedzera kudyidzana kwayo nedzimwe nyika mumunda wekuongorora nzvimbo kuburikidza Tiangong. Kunyangwe China isiri mubatsiri weInternational Space Station, nyika yakaratidza kufarira kushanda pamwe nemamwe masangano epasirese emuchadenga senge. NASA and the ESA, mukutsvakurudza muchadenga nemapurojekiti ekuongorora. Kudyidzana uku kunogona kuvhura mikana mitsva yekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji pakati peChina nedzimwe nyika.
Kubudirira kubudirira uye kushanda kwe Tiangong zvakakosha pakugadzirira kweChina kutsvaga zvishuvo zvemuchadenga mune ramangwana, kubatanidza nzvimbo yayo sesimba repasi rose.
Sei China isiri chikamu cheISS? 6i3w4e
Kubviswa kweChina muchirongwa ISS zvinonyanya kudyidzana neUS zvinonetsa nezveChinese zvirongwa zvemuchadenga zvinongedzo kuPeople's Liberation Army, bazi remauto rebato rinotonga reCommunist. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti US Congress ipasise Wolf Amendment muna 2011, iyo yakarambidza NASA kushandirapamwe zvakanyanya neChinese space agency pasina kupihwa mvumo yekutanga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, China haisi shamwari ye ISS, uye hapana muzivi wemuchadenga wekuChina akamboshanyira chiteshi.
Tichifunga kusaita kwekubatana ne ISS, China yakasarudza kuvaka chiteshi chayo chemuchadenga. Iyo Chinese space station, inozivikanwa se Tiangong, idiki zvakanyanya pane ISS, ine mamodule matatu chete achienzaniswa negumi nematanhatu modules. ISS. Chiteshi cheChinese zvakareruka, chinorema matani makumi manomwe nenomwe (77 metric tons), zvichienzaniswa neISS's 70 tons (450 metric tons).
Mumujaho wehutungamiriri hwemuchadenga, China iri kutarisira kubata vakwikwidzi vayo vekuAmerica. Parizvino, the ISS yakarongerwa kushanda kusvika 2030, asi mushure menguva iyoyo, iyo Tiangong yaigona kuva muzinda wevanhu chete uri mugwara. A Tiangong Inogona kuve kwete chete chiratidzo chekuwedzera kweChina pesvedzero panzvimbo yemuchadenga, asiwo hwaro hwakakosha hwepasirese kune ramangwana rine vanhu uye mamishini ekuongorora kupfuura kutenderera kwePasi.
Onawo:
Source: nzvimbo, Mapuraneti e nzvimbo
Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa3/5/24.
