Iyo blockchain ingave iyo mhinduro yekupomerwa kubiridzira kwesarudzo? 36z4g

Mushure mekunge sarudzo dzapera, mune dzimwe nyika, divi rakakundwa riri kuti pakaitwa chitsotsi. Panyaya idzi, vanogara vachikurudzira kuti paitwe shanduko kuhurongwa hwekuvhota. Izvi ndizvo zviri kuitika mu United States, mamiriro ezvinhu anofananidzwa nemufananidzo we Donald Trump, mushure mesarudzo dza2020. 684e35

Izvi zvinoitikawo muBrazil, asi pano zvakasiyana zvishoma. Kunyangwe mushure mekukunda musarudzo dza2018, pasina kupa humbowo, mutungamiri wenyika Jair Bolsonaro ichiri kuramba ichipa hurongwa uhu uye ichikurudzira kuti vhoti yakadhindwa ive zvakare chikamu chesarudzo munyika.

Pasinei nekumisikidzwa kwevezvematongerwo enyika ava, izvo zvisina chekuita nekukodzera kwesarudzo, kune nyanzvi dzinokurudzirawo shanduko kuhurongwa hwekuvhota hweBrazil uye kuiswa kwezvishandiso zvitsva zvekudzivirira.

Imwe yezvishandiso izvi zvinogoneka ingave iyo blockchain, rudzi rwedhijitari rekodhi block, iyo inopa kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda kune ruzivo. Kunyangwe iyo kodhi kodhi yakavhurika, haitenderi mapato echitatu kukanganisa data rakanyorwa mariri.

Kuti utsanangure zvirinani mamiriro ekuvhota uchishandisa iyi imwe nzira protocol, the showmetech yakataura nenyanzvi kuti dzinzwisise kuti nzira iyi ichashandiswa sei muchirongwa chesarudzo cheBrazil. Ndiyo nzira yokubuda nayo chaizvoizvo here?

Mushure mezvose, chii ichi blockchain? 2c5o2e

Mushanduro yemahara, blockchain zvakafanana ne "block chain”. Kunyangwe yakabatanidzwa mukati meiyo bitcoin, cryptocurrency, anopfuura izvozvo. Pfungwa iyi yakatanga kuoneka muna 2008, apo munhu, anonzi "Satoshi Nakamoto", akatanga bepa (chinyorwa chedzidzo) ichitsanangura maitiro.

Gwaro racho "Bitcoin: Vezera-ku-Peer Electronic Cash System” (peer-to-peer electronic cash system, mushanduro yemahara) yakaratidza mhinduro yemagetsi yakazara yemagetsi, yaive yakavakirwa pamaitiro matsva uye inogona kushandiswa mumabasa akasiyana emagetsi, kuwedzera pakurodha mari dzedhijitari.

Muchirevo ichi, the blockchain Yakabuda seyakasiyana dhijitari protocol kubva pakuumbwa kwayo, sezvo dhatabhesi rakagadzirirwa kurekodha ruzivo, pasina mukana wekufambisa kana kudzima zvinhu.

Saka, kana kutengeserana kwaitwa, muchina unougadzira kodhi uye inoita kuti ionekwe kune vese vashandisi vepuratifomu, paine kana pasina kuzivikanwa kuti ndiani akaita kunyoresa, zvichienderana nehurongwa.

Iyi data inozobatanidzwa kune vamwe, ichigadzira bhuroka imwe yeruzivo, inonzi hashi iyo, zvakare, inovaka mamwe maseti eruzivo. Saka zita rekuti "block chain".

Nyanzvi dzinowanzofananidza muenzaniso nechitima nemazana emotokari, dzose dzakabatana. Saka, nhamba yemotokari mbiri inotakura ruzivo rwese kubva kune imwe nhamba, yechitatu uye yakasara.

Nenzira iyi, kunyange kana yekutanga yakabviswa kubva pamutsara, vamwe vanoramba vachishanda, vakatakura ruzivo pamusoro pezvakabviswa. Imwe neimwe block yeruzivo inotora anenge maminetsi gumi kuvhara, panguva iyo iripo yakavharwa ne encryption.

Mukuita, zvikumbiro zve blockchain Kune zvisingaverengeki, asi inomira kunze kwemutengo wayo wakaderera uye mukana wekushandiswa kune dhijitari yechokwadi. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, inopa kuvanzika kwakawanda kune yako data, iyo parizvino yakapararira pamapuratifomu akasiyana-siyana, akadai sesocial network, zvitoro zvepamhepo uye kunyange masangano ekudzivirira kiredhiti.

Nekuda kwekuti ine hunhu uhu, vazhinji vanofarira vanotenda kuti iyi protocol ine mukana wekuve mubatsiri kune masisitimu ekuvhota pasirese, sezvo chimiro chayo ichigona kushandiswa sekuwedzera kwekuchengetedza, kuitira kudzivirira hutsotsi hwesarudzo kuti hurege kuitika.

Asi ichokwadi 100% yakachengeteka here? 5v1825

Nenzira inoshanda, hachisi chishandiso chekuvhota - senge muchina wekuvhota wemagetsi - asi asi chirongwa chekuchengetedza ki kweiyo interface. Munyaya chaiyo ye blockchain, panguva yekusangana kwayo, protocol inounza nzira iyo zvinoita kuti zviome kuchinja kodhi yako, ichipa kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda kune data rakanyorwa.

Zvisinei nehupamhi hwehurongwa hwehurongwa, chero nzira isingaonekwe inogona kuramba ichitadza kukundikana uye inoonekwa seyakashata. Musiyano uri munzira iyo zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa kuita muchiitiko chekuedza kupidigura hurumende.

A Fapesp (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de SP) inotsanangura kuti kudzivirira kwechimiro kunogara munzira iyo data inopararira kune akati wandei akazvimirira makomputa, uye kwete pane imwechete, sezvinoitika pamapuratifomu mazhinji anozivikanwa nhasi.

Saka, ruzivo rwese runoumba cheni yambotaurwa yezvivharo, yakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe, inogara ichigamuchira data nyowani. “Kuteedzera, kuchengetedzeka uye kusachinjika kwedata zvinhu zvepakati pechishandiso”, inodaro Foundation mune rimwe gwaro.

Uyezve, kana sisitimu ichizivisa kuedza kwekupinda, iyo anokiya otomatiki, ichivharidzira kuita kwematsotsi. Naizvozvo, kutyora chimiro chese uye kuwana mukana kune data rakachengetwa harisi basa riri nyore, asi hazvigoneke zvakare.

AFintech yakaita sarudzo yekutanga yeBrazil kuburikidza ne blockchain 2bf2

Nekuda kwehunhu uhwu hwekuendesa matunhu, kuongororwa kwekutengeserana kuburikidza blockchain Zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kupfuura mamwe maitiro echokwadi. Uye ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakonzera ABFintech (Brazilian Fintech Association) kushandisa tekinoroji.

Muna 2018, sangano iri rakaita nhau mupepanhau reBrazil nekuda kwekuita sarudzo zvichienderana neprotocol. Pachiitiko ichocho, dare rakasarudza bhodhi raro revatungamiri zvichibva papuratifomu itsva, mhedzisiro yekudyidzana nekambani yemigodhi. OriginalMy.

Sezvo Diego Perez, mutungamiri wesangano, anotsanangura, pfungwa iyi yakabva kune imwe yenhengo, iyo yakaona maitiro seanogona kukwikwidza. Maererano naye, uyo ariwo nyanzvi mumutemo wedhijitari, sezvo iri sangano rinounza pamwe chete makambani ezvemichina, hazvina kuoma kugovera chirevo neboka, nevakawanda vachiratidza kufarira mune iyi modhi itsva. Anofunga kuti:

Isu tiri mubatanidzwa unomiririra makambani ezvemari ehunyanzvi, saka zvakangonaka kuti tishandise zvishandiso zvitsva muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese. Isu taida sarudzo yakachengeteka, nekuvimbika uye inogona kuongororwa gare gare nevashandisi pachavo, saka iyo blockchain Inokwana segirovhosi.

Diego Perez, mutungamiri weBrazil Fintech Association

Vanhu vanodarika makumi mashanu vakapinda musarudzo, munzvimbo dzakasiyana muBrazil. Mafambiro evhoti pachayo akaitwa nepuratifomu yemukati medhijitari, asi yaive nzira yakasimbisa vavhoti kare uye yakasimbisa mavhoti kumagumo.

VaPerez vanotiwo, vasati vasanganisa nzira iyi muhurongwa uhu, vakaita sarudzo vachishandisa mavhoti akadhindwa, izvo zvakaratidza kusashanda kunhengo, zvichipihwa kuti vanobva kunzvimbo yehunyanzvi.

Muna 2020, sangano rakaita sarudzo itsva, asi, zvisinei nekubudirira kwayakaita, nekuda kwedenda, yakashandisa imwe nzira musarudzo, sezvo pakanga pasina nguva yekugadzirira chimwe chinhu chakaita sa2018.

Nekudaro, Diego anosimbisa kuti izvi zvinogona kubatsira mubatanidzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo, senge manejimendi enhengo uye nekupa pachena kujeka kune mukati memaitiro, kunyanya kana uchibata nemagwaro. Maererano naye:

Kubva panguva yaunoshandisa puratifomu, iyo rekodhi rekodhi isingakonzereki kugadziridzwa kunotevera, kureva kuti, munhu haagone kuigadzirisa, unovimbisa kuti muvhoti akavhota sezvavanoda. Dambudziko, zvisinei, nderekugadzira interface kuitira kuti vanhu vatore chikamu mukuita. Uye muchina wedu wemagetsi wekuvhota muenzaniso weiyo inobudirira interface.

Diogo Perez, mutungamiri weBrazil Fintech Association

Pane nyika yatoshandisa blockchain musarudzo here? 411d2g

Kunyange zvazvo blockchain yakawana budiriro mumakore achangopfuura, nyika shoma dzinoishandisa nenzira inobudirira mugadziriro yesarudzo. Izvo zvinowanikwa, kune chikamu chikuru, idhijitari yekuvhota, iyo inogona kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kweiyo protocol.

PhD muComputing, Rodrigo Silva akapedza makore mashoma achidzidza nzira yekuvhota ye Estonia, nyika duku yekuchamhembe kweEurope, iyo, kubvira 2005, yakashandisa nzira yemagetsi. Ikoko, vanhu vanokwanisa kuvhota vari kure, kuburikidza nenharembozha application.

Iko kushandiswa kwekuvhota kunogoneka nekuda kwechitupa chedhijitari chakapihwa nehurumende pachayo iyo inoshanda sekadhi rehutano, humbowo hwekuzivikanwa kwemaakaundi ebhangi, yekubhadhara mutero uye, hongu, yesarudzo.

Kunyangwe iyi tekinoroji yepamusoro, maitiro ekuvhota haana kubva pa blockchain. Ndosaka, mukudzidza, Silva akakurudzira kushanda kwayo mukusimbisa mavhoti munyika ine vagari vanosvika miriyoni 1,3.

Iye, uyo ariwo muongorori wesarudzo dzeBrazil, anosimbisa pfungwa nhatu dzekucherechedza sarudzo dzeEstonia: server data iri pakati; kuzivikanwa kwevavhoti kunoitwa nechinhu chimwe chete; uye kugadziriswa nekuverengwa kwemavhoti kunoitwa offline NO.

Nenzira iyi, kushandiswa kwe blockchain kuratidza mavhoti echokwadi kuchawedzera kuchengetedzeka kwesarudzo, pazvinenge zvichigadzirisa nekugadzirisa mikaha yaonekwa.

Nekudaro, Rodrigo anotenda zvakare kuti kuita iyi nzira iri nyore munyika yakaita seEstonia, ine yakasimba kwazvo tekinoroji tsika. MuBrazil, uko chikamu chehuwandu hachisati chabatanidzwa nedhijitari, pamwe maitiro aya angave akanyanya kuoma. Asi, kunyangwe nekusiyana kwenzvimbo nemagariro kuripo muBrazil, Rodrigo anotenda kuti pane mamiriro ekugadzira uye kuunza matekinoroji matsva kuhurongwa hwesarudzo hweBrazil:

Sarudzo chikamu chetsika yenyika, saka, chero shanduko yezvimiro inofanira kuverengerwa zvishoma, nguva dzose uchifunga kuti mhinduro inoda kuchinjika kune chokwadi chevanhu ivavo. Kana tikakwanisa kutora muchina wekuvhota wemagetsi nechikepe [zvichireva nharaunda dziri pedyo nerwizi muAmazon], tinogonawo kutora hurongwa tichitevedza iyi mitsetse.

Rodrigo Silva, PhD muComputing

Isu kare United States, apo nyika imwe neimwe ine mitemo yesarudzo, kune nzvimbo dzinotobatanidza kuvhota kwemagetsi nekushandiswa kweNakamoto nzira. At West Virginia, semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kweVoatz app kwakaedzwa kuitira kuti vavhoti vari kufamba vavhote.

Mukuyedza, kwakaitika musarudzo dzemuna 2018, vanhu zana nemakumi mana nemana vekuAmerica vakavhota kubva kunyika makumi matatu neimwe dzakasiyana pamavhoti akazadzwa muapp uye akasimbiswa nedhijitari. blockchain. Pakupera kwesarudzo, nyika yakatara danho iri sebudiriro ndokuti yakatoronga kuishandisa musarudzo dza2020.

Zvakadaro, vaongorori vekunze vakaburitsa chirevo chekuti hurumende yenyika haina kunyatsobuda pachena nekugadziriswa kwedata rakatambirwa uye kuti izvi zvinogona kukanganisa uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza pamafoni evavhoti.

Mushure meizvi, uye nekuona kuti kupomerwa kwekubiridzira kwesarudzo kunogona kumuka, chirongwa chakadzokera mudhirowa uye harina kuzokurukurwazve muChamber yehurumende.  

Blockchain haisi kubvumirana pakati penyanzvi 61a1r

Kunyangwe iri mwenje pamhene, kushandiswa kwe blockchain seimwe nzira yemaitiro echinyakare kana dura redziviriro pakubiridzira kwesarudzo hakusi kubvumirana pakati penyanzvi dzekuchengetedza dhijitari.

Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, boka revaongorori kubva ku MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) yakaburitsa gwaro rinoratidza kusasimba kweapp Voatz, iyo inoshandisa protocol kusimbisa mavhoti.  

Kune masayendisiti, kodhi ye BitCoins haisi nzira yakachengetedzeka yekuita sarudzo munyika, pasina kukurudzira kubirirwa kwesarudzo. Mumapeji makumi maviri neshanu, vanosimbisa kuti chero maitiro epamhepo anooneswa kurwiswa pamwero wakatokura kupfuura mune zvechinyakare masisitimu, zvichiri maererano nemavhoti emapepa.

Aya mazano anoita seanobatsira pakuvhota nemagetsi. Semuyenzaniso: kushandisa cryptographic siginecha kuita kuti kunyepera kwevhoti kuome uye kushandisa hashing uye kugovera kubvumirana kuchengetedza rekodhi yemavhoti ayo vanorwisa havagone kukanganisa kunze kwekunge vabata chikamu chikuru chedata retiweki. Nekudaro, zvakanyanya kunetsa kuita kuti matekiniki aya ashande akavimbika mukuita.

Vatsvagiri veMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Kune rumwe rutivi, kune vanhu vanobvunza uye vanoti mamwe masayendisiti anoshanda kuti awane matambudziko mune zvese, achikanganwa kuti kune nyika kunze kweyunivhesiti, saPete Martin, CEO weVotem, kambani yeNorth America inogadzira prototypes yekuvhota yakavakirwa pane. blockchain .

Vanotenda kuti vhoti yakanyorwa nemaoko ndiyo inonyanya kuvimbiswa nemuvhoti, asi vanokanganwa kuti, mushure mekutumira mutsamba, somuenzaniso, vhoti inopinda mumaketani uye inorasika pakati pemamwe mabhii.

Pete Martin, CEO weVotem

Uye muBrazil, pane mapurojekiti anoshandisa iyi modhi? 105e24

MuBrazil, the TSE (Superior Electoral Court) inotaura pachena kuti hapana chinoratidza kubiridzirwa kwesarudzo musarudzo dzinoitwa makore maviri ega ega. Nekudaro, dare riri kushanda pamusoro pekugona kuwedzera zvigadziriso zvetekinoroji kuhurongwa kuitira kuti ipe chivimbo chakanyanya.

Muna 2020, dare rakavhura runhare rweveruzhinji kuti vagamuchire zvikumbiro kubva kubazi rakazvimirira kuti vagadzirise nzira yekuvhota yakagamuchirwa kubva muna 1996.Sarudzo dzeRamangwana”, makambani anopfuura makumi matatu akasaina kupa mhinduro, zviri nani pamhepo, makumi maviri nenhanhatu vachisarudzwa kuita izvi.

Pakati pemakambani akasarudzwa pane mhando dzinozivikanwa kumaBrazilians: certifier Certsign; mushandisi Claro; big tech IBM; pamusoro pemakambani madiki, asi ayo, mukuongorora kwekutanga, airatidza kuti anokwanisa kuburitsa maturusi mumitsetse yedare rinotarisira imwe yesarudzo huru pasi rose.

Nekudaro, pakati paGumiguru 05 na14, makambani ese akaita misangano yehunyanzvi neTSE kuti vabvumirane nezve bvunzo dzeveruzhinji dzaizoitwa muna Mbudzi 15, mumutambo wekutanga wesarudzo dzemanisipala.

Maguta matatu eBrazil akasarudzwa kuve danho rekuratidzira mafomula akakurudzirwa nemakambani, achitariswa nematare. Nemigumisiro inobudirira iri muruoko, dare ikozvino rinoshanda kuparadzanisa mhinduro dzakanakisisa, kufunga nezve geography yeBrazil, iyo ine hukuru hwekondinendi.

Dare rinoti, mwedzi unouya, rinofanirwa kuendesa mhinduro idzi kumutungamiri aripo weTSE, gurukota Luís Roberto Barroso, uyo anozozivana navo uye angafunga kuzvipa kune vezera rake, muhurongwa hweshanduko inogona kuitika. maitiro azvino.

Pfungwa yedare ndeyekuti, kunyange hazvo mhinduro inobvira iri mubairo wekudyidzana nemakambani akazvimirira, hurongwa hwese pamwe nekutonga kwahwo hunoenderera mberi pasi pehutungamiri hwedare reElectoral Court.

Kana mutungamiri wenyika [Barroso] akaona kuti mumwe kana kuti vamwe vavo vazadzisa zvinodiwa pakuvanzika, kushanda nesimba uye kuchengetedzeka, danho rinotevera richava rekuvatora kuti vazokurukura pamwe chete nemakurukota Edson Fachin naAlexandre de Moraes, vachatungamira TSE mu. 2022. Chero hutsva hunogona kutariswa munhau iyi huchakura zvakafanira uye nekugovaniswa nevanhu, nekujeka kwakazara.

Tsamba yepamutemo kubva kuTSE

Tora mukana wekudzidza nezve nhoroondo yemuchina wekuvhota wemagetsi wekuBrazil mune yedu channel on YouTube:

Kunobva: Forbes, Fapesp, Slate, MIT Technolog e TSE.