A IBM yakaziviswa neChina ichi, 06, kusikwa kwekutanga chip ine 2 nanometer tekinoroji, kutora danho idzva reiyo semiconductor indasitiri. Nanometers chikamu chekuyera chinoshandiswa nemakambani makuru etekinoroji kureva saizi yezvikamu mukati me processors, kunyanya. 1 nanometer zvinoreva 0,000000001 mita. 4b5mj
Zvakawanda zvakanyanya, ingofunga nezve processor mukati me smartphone yako. Iine zvikamu zviduku zvinonzi transistors, kureva, zviuru zvemasemiconductors akagadzirwa kuti awedzere zviratidzo zvemagetsi. Inofungidzirwa kuti mukati memamwe ma processors Snapdragon hukuru hwechigunwe, semuenzaniso, kune akapoteredza 6 bhiriyoni transistors.
Naizvozvo, iyo diki saizi ye transistors, iyo yakawanda yeiyi zvidimbu zvidiki zvatinogona kuisa mukati me chip, tichigovera kuwedzera uye kwakawanda kushanda kune icho chishandiso. Kubva pane izvi, makambani anoda AMD e Intel, ine mukurumbira muchikamu cheU, inokwanisa kuisa mamwe macores muzvigadzirwa zvavo, ichisvika mamodheru anosvika makumi matanhatu nemana cores.
Asi zvikamu zviduku zvakadaro zvinogadzirwa sei? Maitiro ekugadzira aya machipisi anozivikanwa se lithography, ayo ane base zvinhu: silicon. Sezvo iri millimetric budiriro, kugadzira kunoitika nenzira yakafanana kune diki chivezwa chakagadzirwa nemicroscopic 3D printer. Kubva pachigadziko chesilicon, ma transistors anotora chimiro nemhando ye "diki tsono". Nekudaro, usafunge kuti maitiro aya ari nyore, sezvo isu tiri kungoyedza kuita kuti machipisi ave nyore kunzwisisa.
A IBM yakapa kick kutsva kuchikamu ichi, kuunza kuvandudzwa kwemachipisi ne 2 nanometers. Iyi lithography inogonesa 45% yepamusoro kuita kana ichienzaniswa ne7 nm kugadzirwa, mukuwedzera kudzikisa simba remutoro nekusvika 75%. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwepamutemo kubva kuBMM, iyo chip ine 2 nanometer tekinoroji yaizove neanotevera mabhenefiti:
- Deredza iyo kabhoni tsoka yenzvimbo dzedata: inomiririra inenge 1% yepasi rose simba rekushandisa. Naizvozvo, kuchinjanisa maitiro ekugadzira machipisi ane 2 nanometer tekinoroji kwaizobatsira kudzikisira dambudziko rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze;
- Zvinoshamisa kusimudzira mabasa emalaptops, achipa nekukurumidza kugadzirisa mumashandisirwo: mabhuku ekunyorera uye anotakurika zvishandiso zvine nzvimbo shoma yemuviri yekugovanisa zvikamu zvadzo, saka, ivo vanofanirwa kuve nekushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa uye nekudaro kazhinji kuderera kuita. Shanduko yekugadzira chip inogona kumiririra kufambira mberi mukuita kwevagadziri uye makadhi emifananidzo mumalaptops;
- Quadruple cell phone bhatiri hupenyu: Zvichienderana nefungidziro yapfuura, kufambira mberi mune lithography kunorevawo kudzikisira mutoro wesimba pamidziyo, ichipa mafoni hupenyu hurefu;
- Batsira kukurumidza kuona chinhu uye kuita nguva mumotokari dzinozvimiririra senge dzinozvityaira mota.
Iko kuvandudzwa kweiyo chip ine 2 nanometer tekinoroji yaingogoneka nekuda kwekutsvagisa IBM Tsvagiridzo, nzvimbo yekutsvagisa semiconductor yakavakirwa muAlbany, New York, marabhoritari. Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa zvakare mukudyidzana ne Samsung and the Intel.
Iwo machipisi matsva akagadzirwawo nekushandisa nanosheet tekinoroji, iyo yakabvumira kusikwa kwezvikamu zvidiki zvakadaro, nekushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa, kuita kwepamusoro uye kutaurirana kuri nani pakati peiyo mamaboard ports.
"Chigadzirwa chinobva mukubatana kwemaitiro matsva, kuratidza maitiro atingaita mabhindauko nekukurumidza kana takabatana zvakadzama uye nekugovana mari. Sezvo hurumende ichitsvaga nzira dzekuenderera mberi nekufambisa muhunyanzvi hwechip chip, iyo ecosystem inopa yekutanga 2nm chip yepasi inopa muenzaniso une simba wekutevera.
- Dario Gil, SVP uye Mutungamiriri weBM Research
Parizvino, nzira yekugadzira ine diki diki iripo lithography yatove 5 nm, iripo mune processor mu iPhone 12 pamwe ne processor A14 Bionic, ine 11,8 bhiriyoni transistors. Chekupedzisira, isu tinofanirwa kutarisira uku kugadzira machipisi ane 2 nanometer tekinoroji kusvika kumusika mune ramangwana, tichiwedzera optimize hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye nekupa humwe mashandiro ekushanda anosanganisira core-level, Artificial Intelligence uye Internet yezvinhu.
Ndinoyeuka kuti redhiyo yangu yekutanga ine bhatiri ine 6 transistors chete.