The 2m2k3r
Basa remuchadenga BepiColombo mubatanidzwa pakati peEuropean Space Agency (ESA) uye Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) nechinangwa chekudzidza Mercury, nyika iri padyo ne Sol. Yakatangwa muna 2018, chinangwa cheMercury chine chinangwa chekunzwisisa zviri nani kuumbwa uye kushanduka kwemapuraneti ari muzuva. 152567
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, BepiColombo vakatarisana nematambudziko ehunyanzvi. Munguva yekufambisa muna Kubvumbi 26, iyo electric propulsion module, iyo inomhanya pasimba rezuva, haina kukwanisa kupa simba rakakwana kune vanomhanyisa ndege, sekureva kwe ESA. Anenge mazuva gumi nerimwe gare gare, mainjiniya akakwanisa kudzoreredza kumhanyisa kwe probe kusvika padanho rayo rekare, asi rakanga richiri gumi muzana pazasi pezvakanakira. Aya magadzirirwo akakosha kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti BepiColombo enderera mberi nerwendo rwako uye uzadzise zvinangwa zvako zvesainzi.
Chii chinonzi BepiColombo mission kuMercury 2n13w
Basa BepiColombo nderimwe rwendo rwakanyanya uye rwakaomarara rwepakati pemapuraneti rwakamboitwa, rwakanangana nekuongorora Mercury, iyo yemukati-kati-pasi mune inotenderera zuva. Nekubatana pakati peEuropean Space Agency (ESA) uye Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), chinangwa chikuru chebasa remuchadenga chinotarisa mukudzika ruzivo nezvepasi riri pedyo nezuva. BepiColombo rakatumidzwa zita rekuremekedza Giuseppe "Bepi" Colombo, musayendisiti weItaly uyo akabatsira zvakanyanya pakunzwisisa kutenderera kwemapuraneti uye kupindirana kwegiravhiti.
Kubva payakatangwa muna Gumiguru 20, 2018, iyo BepiColombo inotarisana nenzira yakaoma yeMercury, iyo inosanganisira mapfumbamwe eplanetary flybys (rimwe reNyika, maviri eVenus uye matanhatu eMercury) asati apinda mukutenderera kwepasi muna 2025. Iyi nhunzi inofanirwa kunonoka kuongorora kuMercury uye kugadzirisa nzira yayo kuti ibvumire. kunyatsopinza orbital, kupihwa kusimba kweZuva kwesimba rinokwevera iro kunoita kuti rwendo ruve rwakanyanya kuoma.
O Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO), yakagadzirwa na JAXA, ndiyo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), yakagadzirwa na ESA, ita basa racho neMMO inotarisa pakuongorora magineti epasi uye kupindirana kwayo nemhepo yezuva, nepo MPO inotarisa pakudzidza pamusoro uye kuumbwa kweMercury, pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwayo kwemukati. Aya maprobe akabatanidzwa panguva yerwendo rwepasi, asi achaparadzana kana vasvika kuMercury kuzoita ongororo dzakasiyana.
Kusvika panguva iyoyo, zvipenga zviviri chete - zvese kubva NASA - akanga aenda kuMercury. Yekutanga yaive iyo Mufambisi wechikepe 10, iyo yakabhururuka pamusoro penyika katatu pakati pa1974 na1975, ichipa mifananidzo yekutanga yechiso chayo uye kuwana kunze kwayo kwakatetepa. Yechipiri yaive mission MUTUMI, yakatangwa muna 2004 uye ichitenderera Mercury kubva 2011 kusvika 2015, yakaratidza zvakakosha nezve geology yepasi, maumbirwo uye magineti, kuwedzera zvakanyanya ruzivo rwedu rwenyika ino yakaoma.
Zvinangwa 6a6w42
Basa BepiColombo ine nhevedzano yezvinangwa zvesainzi zvine chinangwa chekuburitsa zvakavanzika zveMercury. Chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru kugadzira mepu yepasi mukugadziriswa kwepamusoro kuti unzwisise zviri nani geology yayo uye tectonic nhoroondo. Basa iri rinodawo kuongorora kuumbwa kwemakemikari ari pamusoro, kusanganisira kutsvaga zvinhu zvinoshanduka zvinogona kupa ruzivo pamusoro pekuumbwa uye kushanduka kwepasi. Uyezve, BepiColombo ichadzidza Mercury's exosphere, denderedzwa remagasi akatenderedza pasi, kuti anzwisise mafambiro ayo uye kusangana nemhepo yezuva.
Chimwe chinangwa chakakosha chemishoni ndechekuongorora magineti eMercury, iyo yakasarudzika pakati pemapuraneti ane matombo kunze kwePasi, uye kuongorora kwaakabva uye chimiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuyera magineti epasi uye kuti anofambiswa sei nemhepo yezuva. Iyo mishoni ichatsvagawo kunzwisisa chimiro chemukati cheMercury, kusanganisira musimboti wayo, mantle uye crust, uchishandisa giravhiti uye topography data. Zvidzidzo izvi zvichabatsira kujekesa kuti nei Mercury ine density yakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mapuraneti epasi.
Masangano emuchadenga ane zvaanofarira muchinangwa ichi. Ku ESA, BepiColombo inomiririra mukana wekuratidza kugona kwayo tekinoroji nesainzi mune yakaoma interplanetary mission. Basa richabvumirawo ESA inobatsira zvakanyanya kusayenzi yepuraneti uye kunzwisisa kwemaitiro anoumba mapuraneti pedyo neZuva Uyezve, iyo ESA inofarira kugadzira matekinoroji anogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana nzvimbo mishoni, kusanganisira yemagetsi propulsion masisitimu uye matekinoroji ekuramba kune zvakanyanya nharaunda.
For JAXA, BepiColombo Iwo mukana wekusimbisa kudyidzana kwako nedzimwe nyika uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwako mumisheni yepakati peplanetary. A JAXA inonyanya kufarira kudzidza Mercury's magnetic field uye kupindirana kwayo nemhepo yezuva, nzvimbo iyo ine tsika yakasimba yekutsvakurudza. Basa richabvumirawo JAXA edza nekuvandudza tekinoroji yayo yekuongorora nzvimbo, zvichibatsira mukusimudzira mamisheni emangwana kune mamwe mapuraneti nemitumbi yedenga.
Pamwe chete, masangano maviri anotarisira kuti data yakaunganidzwa ne BepiColombo Kunyanya kufambisira mberi ruzivo rwedu rweMercury uye, nekuwedzera, kuumbwa uye kushanduka kwemapuraneti ane matombo muhurongwa hwezuva. Kudyidzana pakati pe ESA and the JAXA Basa iri rinoratidza kukosha kwekubatana kwenyika dzakawanda mukuongorora nzvimbo uye kufambira mberi kwesayenzi yepuraneti.
Kubva payakatangwa muna 2018, iyo mishoni BepiColombo yakawana mhedzisiro inoshamisa mukuongorora Mercury. Pakusvika kwayo kwekutanga muna Gumiguru 2021, probe yakabhururuka pamusoro penyika yerubatsiro rwegiravhiti, ichitora mifananidzo inopa maonero matsva paMercury. Muna June 2022, BepiColombo yakaita kubhururuka kwayo kwechipiri, ichisvika makiromita mazana maviri kubva pamusoro penyika uye nekutora mifananidzo yakakwira-resolution inoratidza zvisati zvamboitika zve geological.
Muna Chikumi 2023, panguva yekubhururuka kwayo kwechitatu, probe yakakwanisa kusvika padyo ne236 km pamusoro peMercury. Munguva iyi ndima, BepiColombo akatora mafoto akawanda aisanganisira gomba richangobva kunzi crater pamwe neakakosha tectonic uye maumbirwo emakomo. Iyo probe, zvisinei, inongokwanisa kupinda muMercury's orbit muna 2025, ichivimbisa zvakatonyanya kunakidza zvakawanikwa nezve ino enigmatic planet.
Mission spacecraft matambudziko 2x49v
Basa BepiColombo inotarisana nematambudziko ehunyanzvi anogona kukanganisa mashandiro ayo esainzi akarongwa nekuda kwekufambisa kwakaitwa muna Kubvumbi 2023, apo electric propulsion module, yakakosha pakugadzirisa nzira yechitundumeme, isina kupa simba rakakwana kune vanomhanyisa ndege. BepiColombo, kushanda nesimba rezuva. Kunyangwe mainjiniya akakwanisa kudzoreredza kumhanyisa kunosvika padanho rayo rekare, ichiri 10% pazasi pezvaitarisirwa.
Uku kudzikiswa kwemutsindo kunomutsa kutyira pamusoro pekugona kweprobe kuita ndege dzakarongwa pakati paSeptember 2024 naNdira 2025. Vanamazvikokota vari kushanda kuti vawedzere nguva ye thrust arc, vachiona kuti chitundumeme chinoramba chiri mugwara chairo rekushanda kwacho kweramangwana. Dambudziko guru nderekumhanya kunowanikwa sezvo chitundumeme chinosvika kuZuva, zvichiita kuti kudedera munzvimbo yekuvharwa kwenzvimbo kuve basa rakaoma. Zano rekuita sequential flybys dzemapuraneti rakakosha, sezvo richibvumira kuferefeta kupisa simba pasina kutakura huwandu hwakawandisa hwehuturu, izvo zvinoita kuti chitundumeme chiremerwe kuvhura.
Kukanganisa kwenguva refu kwezvipingamupinyi izvi pamishoni hazvisati zvanyatsojeka, nechikwata chenyanzvi dzekubhururuka muchadenga ESA uye vadyidzani vayo vari kushanda pakugadzirisa dambudziko, asi vachiongorora maitiro enguva refu pamishoni seasina chokwadi.
Kudzoserwa kumashure kwanga kusiri kwega kubva pakatanga mishoni: gore rapfuura, probe yakatarisanawo nematambudziko, ichida ruramiso yakakosha kutsiva kukanganisa kwapfuura. Matambudziko aya chikamu chedambudziko rakasiyana rekusvika kuMercury, sezvo chitundumeme chinofanirwa kubhururuka zvishoma nezvishoma kuti chidhonzwe negiravhiti repasi. Izvi zvinoda kungwarira kucheneswa kwemafambisirwo akatenderedza mapuraneti kunonotsa chitundumeme.
Sei zvakaoma kusvika kuMercury 3b3o1c
Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu kunoita kuti zviome kusvika kuMercury, zvichiita kuti rive basa rakaoma zvikuru. Chekutanga, pasi riri padyo neZuva, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kusvika nekuongorora. Kuva pedyo neZuva kunoreva kuti tsvakiridzo yemuchadenga inoda kukunda simba rinokwevera reZuva guru kuti risvike pasi. Uyezve, Mercury's high orbital speed, inosvika 47,87 km/s, inoita kuti zvikodzere kuti probe ideredze zvakanyanya kumhanya kwayo kuti ibatirwe negiravhiti repasi.
Imwe dambudziko ndeyekupisa kwakanyanya paMercury. Masikati, tembiricha yepasi inogona kusvika ku430 ° C, nekuda kwepedyo neZuva, nepo panguva yehusiku tembiricha inogona kudzika kusvika -180 ° C nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemhepo yakakosha kuchengetedza kupisa. Aya mamiriro akanyanya anoda kuti nzvimbo inoferefeta igadzirwe kuti ikwanise kumira zvakanyanya kusiyana kwekushisa.
Pamusoro pezvo, simba regiravhiti reMercury harina kusimba kana zvichienzaniswa nePasi, zvinoreva kuti probe inoda huwandu hwakakura hwehuturu hwekudzikisa mafambisirwo uye kuisa orbital. Izvi zvinowedzera iyo logistical uye tekinoroji dambudziko remishoni.
Kuti ukunde matambudziko aya, mishoni dzemuchadenga kuMercury dzinowanzo sanganisira nhevedzano yeanokweva-assist maneuvers akatenderedza mamwe mapuraneti, akadai seVenus nePasi, kunonotsa probe nekunangidzira munzira chaiyo yakananga kuMercury. Aya mafambisirwo anoda kunyatsoronga uye kunyatsoitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti probe inosvika kwainoenda zvinobudirira.
Tsvaga zvimwe pamusoro peizvi nedzimwe nhau pa Showmetech TRIO Kubva svondo rino:
Onawo:
Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa20/5/24.
