The 2m2k3r
Aenda mazuva apo resolution yaive yakanyanya kukosha hunhu hwechidzitiro: ingave mumafoni, malaptop, mahwendefa kana maTV, chinotarisa kunaka kwechiratidziro mazuvano kugona kuburitsa mavara - nzvimbo iyo chiyero mukati. HDR tekinoroji inoshandiswa (HDR, HDR10, HDR10+, HLG, Dolby Vision kana Advanced HDR), inova yakasimba. Asi shure kwezvose, chii chiri musiyano pakati mhando dzeHDR zviripo uye ndezvipi zvakanakisisa? 4a5465
Gore negore, iwo makuru mafoni akatangwa anozvirumbidza nekuva nezvikirini neazvino HDR tekinoroji. Muna 2020, mutsara iPhone 12 akatora nhanho kumberi uye akave wekutanga kugona kuburitsa, kurekodha uye kugadzirisa zvemukati Dolby Vision, rudzi rwakati rweHDR. Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwehunyanzvi uhu pamifananidzo yatinotora nemafirimu atinoona panharembozha dzedu - asi kwete paari chete - tinofanira kunzwisisa. chii chinonzi HDR uye kuti mwero wega wega pamusika unosiyana sei. Handeyi?
Chii chinonzi HDR? 5l2l
Acronym for High Dynamic Range, kana kuti 'High Dynamic Range', muchiPutukezi, HDR, muchimiro chayo chakareruka, ine nzira dzakatevedzana dzinoshandiswa mukutora nekuratidza mifananidzo. Ivo vanotsvaga kugadzira makamera uye masikirini ane tekinoroji inokwanisa kurekodha uye kuratidza zvirimo ne kusiyana kwakasiyana zvichiwedzera kukura. Kana tikaona dema rakadzika padivi pe grey, ndiko kusiyanisa, ndiko kuti, mutsauko pakati pechiedza nemumvuri, izvo zvinotibvumira vasiyane.
Basa reHDR nderekuita kuti shanduko iyi iwedzere kuoneka uye, kusvika pakuguma uku, inoita kuti makamera uye zviratidziro zviwedzere. sensitive kune misiyano mukusiyana, zvichivabvumira kutora uye kubereka huwandu hukuru hwematoni pakati pe musta and the mhedziso chena.
Muchidimbu, chinangwa cheHDR ndechekuita kuti mavara uye mutsauko wemufananidzo wedhijitari zvive wakarurama seayo e mufananidzo chaiwo, inoonekwa pasina kupindirana kwemasikirini kana makamera. Izvi, pachezvazvo, zvinomiririra dambudziko rakakura, zvakapihwa kuti maziso edu akashanduka kwemamiriyoni emakore kusvika pane zvaari nhasi.
HDR inoshanda sei pamakamera? 5u57y
Sezvataona pamusoro, mufananidzo weHDR uripo mukati makamera e machira. Naizvozvo, hapana chikonzero chekuve nezvakarekodhwa muHDR uye kuzviratidzira pachiratidziro chine SDR - Standard Dynamic Range kana kuti Standard Dynamic Range, muchiPutukezi. Saizvozvo, yako HDR TV haizokwanisa kushandura SDR zvemukati kuita HDR. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichibvira, maererano nevamwe Vatsvagiri ve vakashuma muna 2017, chinhu chinoda kushandurwa kwemukati uchishandisa inteligência chakagadzirwa, uye hazvigone kuitwa nemaTV edu kana mafoni.
Kunzwisisa kuti HDR, kushanda, inofanira kunge iripo pane kamera inobata zvirimo uye pachiratidziro chinoiratidza, zvinova nyore kunzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei mune yega yega maviri. Pakamera, iyo yakapfava HDR nzira inosanganisira tora mapikicha matatu panguva imwe chete, imwe ine kunzwisiswa kwepamusoro kuchiedza, imwe ine yepakati senitivity uye imwe ine kuderera kwekunzwa kuchiedza. Zvadaro, post-processing software, iyo inosiyana pakati pemhando yega yega kamera, overlap iyo mifananidzo mitatu uye gadzira mufananidzo mumwe.
Mumufananidzo uyu wakagadzirwa mushure mekukwirira, musiyano pakati penzvimbo yakareruka uye yakasviba yakakura - pane, saka, kuwedzera yeiyo kamera yekutanga dynamic renji. Kuti unzwisise kuti mufananidzo weHDR unoshandiswa sei kumavhidhiyo, ingofungidzira kamera ichiita basa iri nefuremu yega yega (kana furemu) yevhidhiyo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero akawanda makamera e-smartphone, semuenzaniso, haakwanise kurekodha pakugadziriswa kwepamusoro uye neHDR - inopedzisira yava ruzivo rwakawanda kune ma sensors ako uye ma processor ekubata nawo.
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mhedzisiro yekuvharika ichaenderana neiyo post-processing software inoshandiswa mukamera. Kana asingazivi kuita basa rakanaka, chifananidzo chichabuda chisinganzwisisiki, nekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana, asi izvo zvisingaenderani nechokwadi. Saizvozvowo, HDR handifanire inongoburitsa mavara akasimba: mufananidzo unofanirwa kuve wakajeka kwete nekuti wakazara, asi nekuti mutsauko mumatoni eruvara rumwe norumwe unonyanya kuoneka uye, nekudaro, wakatendeka kune chokwadi.
Kana tichitaura nezvekusiyanisa, zvakajairika kufunga chete nezve dema nechena. Zvisinei, kusiyana kunoratidzawo mavara, sezvo ruvara rwese rune chiedza nemumvuri, uye chikamu chiri pakati pechimwe nechimwe cheizvi (chiedza nemumvuri) chichabudisa chiedza. inzwi rakasiyana ruvara irworwo. Zvese zviri zviviri mumakamera uye pamasikirini, HDR inotsvaga kuita mutsauko wetine muvara wega wega unooneka, kunyangwe iwo akajeka. HDR jamais Inofanira kuita kuti mavara awedzere.
Kana tangonzwisisa izvi, ngatidzokerei kune kuvharika kwemifananidzo: nzira iyo mifananidzo ichavharwa nayo zvinoenderana nemugadziri wekamera. Ichi ndicho chikonzero tichiona mutsauko wakadaro muHDR ye Google Pixel maererano ne iPhone, semuyenzaniso. Parizvino, vagadziri vazhinji vanoshandisa hungwaru hwekugadzira kuvandudza kuvharika kwemifananidzo, pamwe nekuibata zvakare kunyangwe mushure mekufukidzwa. Icho chikamu chezvinonzi computational kutora mafoto, izvo zvinotsvaga kukunda zvipimo zvehunyanzvi zvemakamera e-smartphone ane dhamo rehungwaru.
Nenzira iyo inoshanda, HDR imhando yekeke, resipi iyo mugadziri wega wega anogadzira nenzira yake uye, semakeke, zvakanaka kuti unzwisise mutsauko pakati pemhando dzeHDR kusarudza zvaunoda zvakanyanya. Google, semuenzaniso, inovandudza HDR yemafoni ayo Pixel uchishandisa nzira dzepamusoro dzeAI uye kufukidza kwete mifananidzo mitatu chete, asi inodarika gumi. Huwandu hwemifananidzo huchaputirwa huchaitawo. haina kugadziriswa, zvinoenderana nekuti ingani iyo AI inoona yakakodzera.
Izvi zvinoenderana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pamamiriro emwenje uye kunyangwe pakufamba kwekamera: kana iwe ukazunza ruoko rwako zvakanyanya, iyo AI inonzwisisa kuti haigone kutora akawanda mafoto, kana zvese zvinodonha. dzimwa. Ndiko kuverenga kwakaoma, handiti? Uyezve, kupatsanurwa uku hakubatsire vatengi kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pemhando dzeHDR.
Uye HDR inoshanda sei paTV? 3c4m15
Iye zvino zvatinoziva kuti HDR inoshanda sei pamakamera uye kuti inosiyana zvichienderana nemugadziri wega wega anosarudza kuishandisa, isu tave pedyo nekupindura mubvunzo wedu mukuru: ndeupi musiyano pakati pemhando dziripo dzeHDR? Kwete chete, asi kunyanya kana tichitaura nezveTV, pane mutsara wezvinyorwa (HDR, HDR10, HDR10 +, HLG, Dolby Vision, HDR Advanced nevamwe) kutivhiringidza. Vanosiyana sei uye ndeipi yeaya ma'HDR' anganzi akanakisa?
Zvakanaka, kana uchinge wanzwisisa mashandiro anoita HDR mumakamera, zviri nyore kugumisa kuti mhedzisiro yekuvharika kwemufananidzo kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweruzivo (kuyerwa mukati. metadata) aripo mumufananidzo kana vhidhiyo. Chaizvoizvo, HDR paTV 'inojekesa' skrini, regererai pun, ari iwo mapoinzi akajeka uye akasviba pamufananidzo, pamwe nekutsanangura zvirinani musiyano uri pakati pavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo skrini inongoita basa rakanaka kana ichimiririra ruzivo rwese urwu nemazvo.
Mupfungwa iyi, skrini Common HDR ndeimwe iyo, nekuda kweiyo tekinoroji yakatarwa, inogona kuratidza yakafara spectrum yechiedza uye yakasviba toni, zvese zviri mutema nemuchena uye nemuvara. Nezvinangwa zvemetric, musiyano uyu unoyerwa mukati nits, chiyero chisiri pamutemo chekuyera (sezvo chisipo muInternational System of Units) asi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune tekinoroji uye chakaenzana nekenduru 1 paskweya mita (1cd/m²). "nit" inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo che "1cd/m²" nekuti ine zvakajeka (haha) zita rekutengesa.
Chaizvoizvo, iyo TV yakawanda ine nits, ndiko kuwedzera kupenya kwainogona kuburitsa. Kazhinji, nhamba huru ye nits zvinorevawo chikuru kugona kusiyanisa, sezvo, nekuwedzera huwandu hwechiedza chinobudiswa, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwematoni pakati pechiedza chose nerima huchava. Muchidimbu, iyo yakakura kupenya kwayo kupenya, iyo yakanyanya kunaka TV inova mukusiyanisa toni. varevereri, kuwana chaiyo inodiwa kuratidza HDR zvirimo paTV.
Muna Ndira 2016, mubatanidzwa wakaumbwa nevazhinji vanogadzira skrini, unonzi Ultra HD Alliance, wakamisa zviyero zviviri zvekukwanisa kutaura kuti TV ine HDR tekinoroji: mune yekutanga inofanirwa kusiyana pakati. 1000 e 0,05 nits yekupenya, uye muchipiri inofanira kusiyana pakati 540 e 0,0005 nits yekupenya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, TV yega yega inosvika aya metrics inogona kutakura 'basic' HDR chisimbiso, kunyangwe izvi zvikasaunza kuvandudzwa kwemufananidzo wekupedzisira.
Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, kushaikwa kwekumira kwakakura kwakagadzira HDR, paTV, chimiro chaive nemabhenefiti chaiwo aisagara aripo. Chandaifanira kuita kuve neTV ine kupenya kwepamusoro pamusoro pe1.000 nits uye ndaigona kuidaidza kuti HDR uye kukwikwidza nezvikirini izvo, nekuwedzera, yakawedzera mamwe matekinoroji kuve iwo. zvakanakisisa pamusika, ndizvozvo? Zvakanaka, dai vasina kugadzira akasiyana HDR mazinga anotikonzeresa nyonganiso, izvi zvaizoitika kakawanda.
Pamusoro pekukusiya uchivhiringidzika, yega yega HDR chiyero inogadza mamwe matekinoroji avo vanofanira kunge vari paTV vanoda kushevedzwa nezita ravo. Neizvi, vagadziri vari kuyedza kudzivirira HDR paTV kuti irege kuita nyonganiso yakazova HDR pamakamera: ivo vanoda kuve nechokwadi chekuti, panguva imwechete iyo mugadziri wega wega anogona kuvandudza zviratidziro zvavo nehunyanzvi hwavo, iyo HDR standard inoshandiswa inogadza hushoma. hunhu kana zvasvika pamufananidzo mune zvese, kwete kungosiyana.
Naizvozvo, iwo akasiyana HDR zviyero ndea certification, vimbiso yekuti, nekutakura chisimbiso ichocho (HDR10, HLG, Dolby...), TV yakapfuura bvunzo dzakasimba dzemurabhoritari uye yakasangana nezvinodiwa zvisati zvasimbiswa. Izvi zvinodikanwa, izvo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nechiyero chimwe nechimwe, hazvina kuganhurirwa kune yakanyanya kana kushoma kupenya kukosha - kutaura zvazviri kuvandudza maonero eruvara uye chiedza mumifananidzo yeTV.
Saka ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemhando dzeHDR? 616g32
Mushure mekupotsa kuve nyanzvi yeHDR, iwe unozopedzisira wanzwisisa mutsauko pakati pemhando dzeHDR kunze uko. Sezvo isu tatotsanangura pamusoro apa kuti teknolojia inoshanda sei nenzira yakareruka, ticharatidza imwe neimwe ye "evolutions" yayo, kubva kune yakapusa kusvika kune yakakwirira, tichitsanangura kuti zvii zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri.
HLG 5g282r
Yakagadzirwa neBBC neNHK vatepfenyuri, iyo HLG fomati inosangana nezvido zvemakambani maviri aya mukupa mufananidzo wakanakisa, tichifunga kuti, munhepfenyuro yeTV, kune vaoni vane HDR uye SDR skrini. Nekuda kweizvozvo, HLG haina kugumira kumaTV ane yakakwirira simba renji, uye inoita kuti zvikwanise kutepfenyura zvirimo kune vese vateereri (ane uye vasina HDR TVs). Iyi kupatsanurwa kwakakosha nekuti, mune dzakananga zviitiko, kuratidza HDR zvemukati pane SDR TV inogona kuzviita tarisa zvakanyanya, ane mavara akagezwa uye kunyange akamonyaniswa.
Kubatsira kukuru kweHLG ndeyekuti iri HDR fomati kumashure kunoenderana ine SDR TVs. Munhepfenyuro dzakavhurika dzeTV izvi zvakakosha, zvisinei chiyero hachina kufarirwa zvakanyanya kunze kweUnited Kingdom neJapan, nyika dzaakagadzirwa. MuBrazil, kutepfenyura kweTV kwakavhurika kwakazara SDR. Mukutepfenyura zvirimo, pamapuratifomu akadai seNetflix neYouTube, zvinokwanisika kuona kuti ndeapi matekinoroji anotsigirwa neTV, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvirimo zvinopindirana nazvo ne100% uye kubvisa njodzi yemufananidzo uri kuwedzera.
Nekuda kweizvi, zvakanyanya zvisingaiti Ndinovimba kuti HLG ichave yakakurumbira rimwe zuva, sezvo iri mhinduro yepakati yakagadzirirwa kuvhurika TV, iyo inowanzotora makore kutora matekinoroji matsva. Zvingangoitika, TV yakavhurika inongotepfenyura muHDR kana ruzhinji rweTV muvateereri vayo vachitsigira ichi chinhu.
HDR10 uye HDR10+ 2i6o2a
Chibereko chekudyidzana pakati Sony e Samsungkana HDR10 inosanganisa huwandu hwakasiyana hweHDR nekudzika kwemavara gumi. Uhu hudzamu hweruvara hwakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura hwakajairwa 10-bit ruvara kudzika, zvichireva kuti HDR8 skrini, ichienzaniswa neiyo 'yakajairwa' HDR skrini, inokwanisa kuratidza mavara ayo ekupedzisira asingakwanisi.
yatove iyo HDR10 +, yakataurwa na Samsung e Panasonic, inowedzera HDR10. Nokuda kweizvi, hukuru hwekupenya hunowedzera, kubva pa1.000 kusvika ku4.000 nits, kuwedzera kune metadata iripo mumufananidzo uri dynamic. Rangarira patakataura kuti HDR inosanganisira kuisa rumwe ruzivo (metadata) mumifananidzo? Zvakanaka, iyi metadata inoraira TV kuti ingaratidza sei zvirimo, vanoti chii chinopenya zvakanyanya uye kupenya kushoma kunomiririrwa pachiratidziri.
Kana iyi metadata yakamira, senge muHDR10, iyo yakanyanya uye yakaderera kukosha ndeye zvimwe chete mufuremu yega yega, kunyangwe zviri mukati iri firimu remaawa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kurongeka kwekugadzirwa kwemukati kunotambura, sezvo metadata inogadzirwa zvichibva pane bhaisikopo rese, iro rinogona kunge riine zvimiro zvakasviba uye kureruka.
Panyaya yeHDR10+, ine metadata ine simba, iyi mutsauko inoshanduka zvichienderana nenzvimbo yega yega inoratidzwa. Imwe neimwe furemu ine metadata yayo, inogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira inonzi "tone meta". Sezvinorehwa nezita, tekinoroji iyi inomepu mafuremu, ichitarisa nzvimbo dzakasviba uye dzakareruka pane yega yega furemu, ichigadzira metadata. Nekuda kweizvozvo, HDR10+ inogara iine saturation uye kupenya mazinga. zvakakodzera kumufananidzo wakaratidzwa, uchiswedera pedyo nemhando yemukwikwidzi wayo, Dolby Vision.
HDR Advanced 5mm3l
Iyo yakanyanya kusazivikanwa HDR chiyero inogadzirwa ne Technicolor, kambani yave ichishanda mumifananidzo yekupenda mavara kubva pamazuva emafirimu emupumburu. Kunyange zvazvo ine zita rimwe chete, the HDR Advanced inosanganisira matatu madiki eHDR, imwe neimwe iine chinangwa chayo:
- Wokutanga wavo, the SL-HDR1, inomira pachena nekuve 'basic' HDR uye 100% inoenderana neSDR skrini.
- Muenzaniso wechipiri, wakadanwa SL-HDR2, yakafanana zvikuru neHDR10 + uye Dolby Vision zviyero, sezvo iinewo dynamic metadata.
- Nzira yechitatu uye yekupedzisira, ichiri muchikamu chekuedza, inoedza batanidza zvinhu zviviri izvi. Kana ikashanda, ichave yekutanga HDR fomati ine simba metadata yekudzokera kumashure inoenderana neSDR TVs. (ctlsites.uga.edu)
Chinangwa hachisi chekusiya SDR TV ine HDR10+ mhando, asi kuti tidzivise kukanganisa kwatakambotaura. Tichifunga izvi, vanhu vazhinji vanopokana kubatsira kwekuwedzera matekinoroji maviri anopikisa (HDR neSDR). Mukutepfenyura, zvave kuita kufambisa zvirimo zveHDR chete kumaTV anoenderana, nepo zviri zvezviteshi zveTV zvakavhurika, zvine mukana wekuti vanozongotanga kugadzira HDR zvemukati kana ruzhinji rwevateereri vaine maTV erudzi urwu.
Parizvino, HDR haingofadze vatepfenyuri veTV, zvichipihwa kuti zvinodhura kugadzira zvemukati nehunyanzvi, uye kuti vanhu vazhinji pasi rese vachiri neSDR TVs. Chaizvoizvo nekuda kweichi chikonzero, vazhinji vanotenda kuti HDR Yepamberi inotarisirwa kutadza pamwe chete nemukoma wayo, HLG.
Dolby Vision e332v
Inoonekwa se 'yegoridhe chiyero' cheHDR zviyero, iyo Dolby Vision Inowanikwa mumaTV anodhura zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka iripo parizvino. Sezvinowanzoitika, hunhu hwakawandisa hunobva pachiyero chepamusoro chinodiwa neDolby Labs: nepo maviri HDR10+ zvikirini zvingaratidza zvishoma zvidhori, zvichienderana nezvavanotaura, mapurojekita uye maTV anosimbiswa neDolby Vision anoedzwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti, kunyangwe Nekuda izvo zvinotaridzika zvemidziyo, mifananidzo inoratidzwa chaizvo zvinoenderana neDolby zviyero.
Pamusoro pekuyedzwa kwese uku, the Dolby Vision ine zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi zvinodiwa. Kukosha kukuru kwe nits inotsigirwa, semuenzaniso, ndeye 12.000. Kunyange zvazvo pasina TV nhasi inosvika pedyo nechiyero ichocho - iyo inodhura zvikuru inokwira pa2.000 nits yekupenya - izvi zvinoratidza kuti chimiro chakagadzirirwawo ramangwana. Dolby Vision yaive zvakare chiyero chekutanga kuve netoni meta uye ine simba metadata, chimiro chatakatsanangura muHDR10 + musoro.
Sokunge izvo zvisina kukwana, Dolby tekinoroji inopawo 12-bit ruvara, kureva kuti, masikirini ane chitupa ichi anoratidza mamwe mavara ayo kunyange maTV ane HDR10+ asingagoni kuratidza. Chikamu chakashata cheiyi tekinoroji mutengo: sezvo chimiro chinobva kuDolby, kambani inoda mari kubva kumakambani anoishandisa, izvo zvinoita kuti chero mudziyo unoenderana unodhura. Ichi chinhu chinoitawo kuti mafirimu uye akatevedzana achishandisa tekinoroji kudhura.
Panguva iyo Netflix vatova nemamwe mazita ane Dolby Vision e HDR10, chete Amazon Prime Video ine mazita mukati HDR10 +. Uyezve, kana uchitamba Blu-Ray zvemukati, mudziyo wekutamba unofanirwawo kubvumidzwa neDolby, izvo zvisiri izvo nevatambi vazhinji verudzi urwu rwenhau (consoles). MuBrazil, LG chete ine kodzero dzekushandisa tekinoroji yeDolby Vision pamaTV, ukuwo HDR10+ ichingotenderwa kuterevhizheni kubva kuSamsung nePanasonic, iyo yakaigadzira kuti ikwikwidze neDolby.
* Dolby Atmos: kazhinji inopihwa pamwe chete neDolby Vision, iyo Dolby Atmos ndiyo inzwi muenzaniso inosimbiswa neDolby Labs, inowanzovapo paTV uye mafoni emhando dzakasiyana. Sezvo inobata neodhiyo uye kwete vhidhiyo, Atmos haisi chikamu chechikamu chechinyorwa ichi, zvisinei, isu takaisanganisira pano kuti urege kuvhiringika paunoona zita rayo rakatenderedza. Saka, unonzwisisa here musiyano pakati pemhando dzeHDR?
Neruzivo kubva: CNET, AVForums, JMGO, Reliance Dhijitari, Samsung, HowToGeek
Chimwe chezvakanakisa zvinyorwa nezve tekinoroji idzi. Ndinotenda.