The 2m2k3r
Muna 1969, Neil Armstrong ndiye murume wekutanga kutsika Mwedzi uye akataura mutsara unozivikanwa ".Idanho diki kuMunhu, asi nhanho hombe kuvanhu”. Nekudaro, mishoni isina chitarisiko chakafanana ndiApollo 15, ine mutoro wekutora yekutanga munhevedzano yemotokari dzakakodzera kufamba pamusoro peMwedzi, the Mwedzi Buggies. Iri haringave danho diki rekutanga reMunhu, asi richiri basa rekuti vanhu vafambe madaro marefu pane yedu yakasikwa satellite. 5j6qf
Iyo Apollo 15 mission muna 1971 yaive nebasa rekutanga mota yekutanga yemwedzi inozivikanwa se Lunar Roving Vehicle kana, zviri nyore, Mwedzi Buggy. Mabasa emotokari yekutanga kumhara paMwedzi akanyanya kukosha, zvisinei, zvaida kuedza kukuru panguva iyoyo nekuda kwekunetseka kwekufamba-famba paivhu remwedzi tichifunga nezvesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi pane iro repasi redu. Asi mushure mezvose, ndedzipi mota idzi uye dzaishandiswa sei mumishoni?
Kusikwa uye maficha eMwedzi Buggy 3s3c6y
Yakaedzwa pavhu risina kuenzana paPasi mumapurojekiti eNASA, Mwedzi Buggy yakagadzirwa nekufungidzira uye kuyedzwa uchishandisa fungidziro yezvakaita nzvimbo yemwedzi, zvese pasina iko iko iko iko kweinjiniya kutsanangura kuti mota yaizoita sei mukuderera kwegiravhiti uye muvacuum.
Kunyangwe vanhu vasati vatsika paMwedzi, mapurojekiti emotokari dzekufamba pasatellite yakasikwa akange ave kutofungwa. Mukutanga kwema60, mutungamiriri we Marshall Space Ndege Center kubva kuNASA yakataura kukosha kwekuvaka mota yaizobvumira kufamba paMwedzi uye yakaratidza kuti zvidzidzo zvanga zvichitoitwa nemasangano akaita seBoeing, General Motors nemamwe makambani akati wandei einjiniya.
Pasina data chaiyo pamusoro pevhu uye mamiriro enzvimbo, chikamu chikuru cheMwedzi Buggy kugadzira chirongwa chakaitwa zvichienderana nekufungidzira pasina hwaro hunodiwa hwatinahwo mazuva ano. Pakupedzisira, muna 1964, NASA yakasaina chibvumirano ne Bendix neBoing vachishandisa General Motors marabhoritari kuvaka iyo ingave mota yekutanga yakakodzera ivhu remwedzi.
Pasinei nezvinetso zvose zvaitarisana nazvo panguva iyoyo, nzira dzokutanga dzokutakura dzakagadzirirwa kutakura vanhu kunze kweNyika dzakabudirira kugadzirwa. Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle kana Moon Buggy imota inoshandisa bhatiri remagetsi uye inogadzirwa kunyanya kuoperation in low gravity paMwedzi.Mota iyi inokwanisa kufamba nzendo refu nenzira yekurerutsa basa revanoongorora muchadenga panguva yemamishini. pasatellite yedu Natural.
Yekutanga vhezheni yeLRV yakarongwa (Lunar Roving Vehicle) yakafanana netirakita ine mavhiri makuru, inorema anenge matani gumi, uye gare gare kabhini yakamanikidzwa. Chekupedzisira, pakanga paine kudikanwa kwekudzikisa mutengo wekutakura mota iyi uye vhezheni yayo yekupedzisira ine huremu hwe10 kg, yakagadziridzwa nechinangwa chekutakura kusvika 210 kg, tichifunga kuti huremu hunoenderana nekusiyana kwesimba rinokwevera, ndiko kuti. , Huremu hwaibuda pamotokari idzi pandaienda kuMwedzi hwakanga huri pasi pemotokari yakatakura 490 kg yehuremu paNyika.
Iine mabhatiri maviri akapa simba re 36 volts uye simba re 121 amp maawa, motokari yakakwanisa kusvika pahupamhi hwepamusoro hwe13 km / h uye huwandu hwe92 km. Pakutenderera uku, mota yemagetsi ye0,18 kW yakashandiswa nemutyairi wemotokari achishandisa a joystick kudzora motokari.
Uyezve, Mabhagi eMwedzi aive nemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yaizoshandiswa kutora mifananidzo uye yaizobatsira mukugonesa rwendo rwakachengeteka kune vashandi vavo. Dhizaini yaro yakaitwa tichifunga nezvematambudziko akasiyana aisanganisira kufamba, simba remotokari, kufamba, kutaurirana pakati peMwedzi Buggy nevamwe vazivi vemuchadenga pamishoni, kudzivirirwa kwemafuta kubva kumwaranzi kubva kumitumbi yedenga uye hurongwa hwayo hwese hwekutonga, iyo yaifanira kunge iri nyore zvakakwana. kubatsira vazivi vemuchadenga mukati merwendo rwavo.
Mota idzi dzainge dzakagadzirirwa kubvumira kufamba kukuru kwevazivi vemuchadenga, zvichivabvumira kutyaira vari padyo nenzvimbo yekumhara kuti vaite ongororo ye geological, kuunganidza matombo uye ivhu sampuli uye kumwe kwakasiyana kuyedza kwesainzi. Chimwe chezviridzwa zvesainzi zvakatakurwa nemotokari yaive gravimeter, yaishandiswa kuyera uye kugadzira mepu yenzvimbo yegiravhiti.
Zvichibatsira mukufamba kwevachadenga uye mukufamba kwemidziyo yekutsvagisa yesainzi, mota dzave dzakakosha mumishoni yazvino yekuongorora Mwedzi.
Vaishandiswa mumamishinari api? 2j3f55
Zvisinei nekuedza kusingaverengeki mukugadzira motokari idzi, pakange pasina nguva dzakawanda dzadzakashandiswa nekuda kwekudhura kwekudzitakura uye nenyaya yekuti mamishini akadai akaitika panguva yedambudziko nekuda kwemari dzakawanikwa munguva yeHondo Yemashoko, iyo zvakaita kuti zvisakwanise kuita mari yakawanda murudzi urwu rwemishoni. Ngationei kuti ndeapi mamishini akashandisa Moon Buggies uye sei:
Apollo 15 5n6f13
Basa rekutanga kushandisa mota yaive Apollo 15, kubva kuApollo chirongwa, chakaitwa neNASA. Aka kaive kechina kumhara paMwedzi uye kekutanga aine chinangwa chekupedza nguva yakareba ari pamusoro pemwedzi. Basa rakatangwa neroketi yeSaturn V musi waChikunguru 26, 1971, ichipera mazuva gumi nemaviri gare gare musi wa7 Nyamavhuvhu, nekuongorora kwemwedzi kuchiitwa kwemazuva mana pakati.
Rwendo rwemotokari panguva yekuongorora rwakanga rwakananga kuHadley Canal, mota ichiyedzwa zvakanyanya munzira uye kuratidza nzira yekufambisa. Pane dzimwe nguva mukati meiyi mission, pakanga pane nzendo itsva mbiri dzaishanyira Mount Hadley uye zvakare mugero wokutora matombo ematombo.
Apollo 16 e5t5h
Iyo Apollo 16 mishoni yaive nguva yekupedzisira iyo vanhu vakatsika paMwedzi uye kechipiri iyo Moon Buggies yakashandiswa. Sezvakaita rwendo rwarwo, rwendo rwacho rwakaitwa nechinangwa chokugara kwenguva yakareba.
Nzendo dzemotokari yemwedzi dzakafukidza chinhambwe chemakiromita makumi maviri nematanhatu uye chaisanganisira kushanya kuMakomo eStone neNorth Ray Crater, munzira ichitora masampuli ekare ekare kupfuura akawanikwa mumamishoni apfuura.
Apollo 17 6i6z49
Kuve mishoni yechitanhatu uye yekupedzisira yemunhu kusvika kuMwedzi kubva kuApollo Project, iyo Apollo 17 mission yakapedzwa muna Zvita 1972. Iri iyo mishoni yakapedza nguva yakareba kwazvo pamhepo, Apollo 17 ichiri rwendo rwekupedzisira rwemunhu kusvika nhasi. kunze kwekutenderera kwePasi.
Iyo Moon Buggy yakashandiswa panzendo nhatu nemuTaurus-Littrow Valley pairi mission. Nzendo dzakadai dzakatora nguva inopfuura maawa manomwe imwe neimwe uye panguva yekusimuka kwemwedzi kubva kuMwedzi, mota yaive nebasa rekutora mifananidzo yaisimuka yakananga kuNyika.
Nderipi remangwana relunar rovers? 722m4o
Nhevedzano yemamishoni ane chekuita neramangwana rekuongorora muchadenga akatumidzwa zita rehanzvadzi yaApollo mungano yechiGiriki, Artemis. Chirongwa cheArtemis chine chinangwa chekumisa hwaro hwechigarire paMwedzi uye kuita izvi, chimwe chezvipikirwa zveNASA ndezvekushandiswa kwerudzi rutsva rwemotokari yemwedzi kutsiva Moon Buggies, mushure memakore ekushandiswa mune zvakawanda zvezviitwa zvesangano.
Iine basa rekuongorora mazana emakiromita enzvimbo yeMwedzi mumamishini ega ega mwedzi inogara, NASA iri kugadzira Lunar Electric Rover. Iine kabhini yakamanikidzwa uye chimiro cherori ine mavhiri gumi nemaviri, mota inogona kushandiswa sedzimba, ichibvumira vanoongorora muchadenga kurara mumba kwemazuva anosvika gumi nemana uye kunyangwe kuve nenzvimbo dzehutsanana - mushure mezvose, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha chinhu chakakosha zvakare.
Uyezve, imwe purojekiti yakaziviswa muna 2019 yakaratidza motokari itsva yakanga ichigadzirwa neToyota, pamwe chete neJapan space agency Jaxa, netarisiro yokuti motokari ichave yakagadzirira kupinda muchadenga muna 2029. Kuyera 6 mamita kureba uye 5,20 10 mamita akafara, motokari yeramangwana yemwedzi yaizova SUV ine kabhini yakamanikidzwa inokwanisa kutakura kusvika kune vana. Mota iyi ichange iine chisero chemafuta kuti igadzire simba rayo kumabhatiri emota yemagetsi, ichibvumira huwandu hunosvika makiromita gumi.
Onawo:
Takaita nyaya yakakwana remangwana rekuongorora muchadenga uye vhidhiyo inotsanangura kuti sei vanhu vasina kuenda kuMwedzi mumakumi emakore apfuura. Tarisa zviri pazasi:
Source: NASA, Wired e Nhoroondo Pfupi yeMota yeLunar Roving.
