The 2m2k3r
Kurwa HIV yakashanduka zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore, neshanduko dzekurapa dzinovimbisa kushandura nzira yedenda repasi rose. Mishonga mitsva uye majekiseni ari kubuda setariro huru kwete yekuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vanogara navo HIV, asiwo kuvhura mikana mitsva yekudzivirira nekudzora hutachiona. Munyaya ino, tichaongorora magadzirirwo aya ari kuumba ramangwana remushonga uye nekupa chiedza kumamiriyoni evanhu pasi rese. 3841t
Muchidimbu nezveHIV/AIDS muBrazil 3q5h
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O Brazil yakatarisana nedenda re HIV / AIDS kubva kuma1980, apo nyaya dzekutanga dzakanyoreswa munyika. Kubva ipapo, kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mukurwisa hutachiona, kusanganisira kuwedzera kuwaniswa kwekurapa uye mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa. Muna 2023, vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi mashanu nerimwe chete vane hutachiwana hweHIV vacharekodhwa, nehuwandu hwezviitiko zve0,24 pa1.000 yevanhu vasina utachiona. Kupararira pakati pevakuru vane makore 15 kusvika ku49 ndeye 0,6%, inomiririra vanhu vanosvika miriyoni imwe vanogara navo HIV muBrazil.
Matanho akakosha mukurwisa HIV / AIDS zvinosanganisira kusikwa kwe "Red December" mushandirapamwe muna 2017, uyo une chinangwa chekusimudzira ruzivo pakati pehuwandu nezvekudzivirira, kuongororwa uye kurapwa. HIV / AIDS. Uyezve, kuwaniswa kwemishonga yemaAntiretroviral therapy (ART) kwakawedzera zvakanyanya nekufamba kwemakore. Muna 2010, vanhu 7,7 miriyoni vaiwana kurapwa, nhamba ichakura kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi matatu nemazana manomwe muna 30,7. Kuwedzera kwekuwaniswa kwemishonga uku kwakakosha mukusimudzira hupenyu hwevanhu vanorarama neutachiona hweHIV uye kudzora kupararira kweutachiona uhu .
Kubudirira kwemishonga yemaARV kunoratidzwawo mukutevedza kurapwa. Muna 2023, 82% yevanhu vanogara navo HIV muBrazil vaive paART, inomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukupindura denda. Mishonga iyi inobatsira kudzvanya huwandu hwehutachiona, huchichengeta pamazinga asingaonekwe uye kuwedzera huwandu hweCD4 masero, akakosha kune immune system. Kuenderera mberi kweshanduko yekurapa uye kutarisisa pamitemo yehutano hweveruzhinji kwave kwakakosha kubudiriro yakaitwa mukurwisa. HIV / AIDS muBrazil.
O Yakabatana Hutano System (SUS) yakaita basa rinokosha mukurwisa HIV / AIDS muBrazil, ichipa kurapwa pachena kuvanhu vese vanogara navo HIV vanoda mishonga yemaAntiretroviral therapy (ART). Kubva 1996, iyo su vanogovera mishonga yemaAntiretroviral pasina muripo, zvichiita kuti mamiriyoni evanhu vekuBrazil vawane mishonga inodiwa kudzora utachiona nekuvandudza mararamiro avo. Parizvino, the su inopa mishonga makumi maviri nemiviri mumishumo yemishonga makumi matatu nemasere, ichiva nechokwadi chemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekurapa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevarwere.
Uyezve, iyo Basic Health Units (UBS) kupa bvunzo nekukurumidza zve Utachiona hwepabonde (STIs) hwakadai seHIV, syphilis, hepatitis B uye hepatitis C, kuwedzera kune HPV. bvunzo idzi dzinoitwa mahara na su, kuve nechokwadi chekuwana nyore uye kuzere kusazivikanwa kwevashandisi. Izvi zvakakosha pakuonekwa nekukasika uye kurapwa kwezvirwere izvi, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi, sekunge kondomu raputika panguva yekusangana pabonde. Kuita bvunzo idzi dzinokurumidza kuUBS kunopa imwe nzira inoshanda uye isina hutongi, kusimudzira hutano hweveruzhinji nekudzivirira matambudziko mune ramangwana.
Musiyano pakati peHIV neAIDS 51492w
Musiyano mukuru pakati HIV e AIDS iri muhunhu hwehutachiona uye chirwere chinokonzeresa. THE HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) utachiona hunokonzera utachiona. Inorwisa immune system, kunyanya maCD4 cells, ayo akakosha pakudzivirira kwemuviri kubva kuzvirwere. THE HIV Chinonyanya kupararira kuburikidza nekubata zvinwiwa zvemuviri zvakaita seropa, urume, zvinwiwa zvemukati memukadzi nemukaka wemuzamu. Utachiona ne HIV Inogona kudzorwa kuburikidza nemishonga inorwisa utachiona hweHIV (ARVs), iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza hutachiwana hushoma uye simba rekudzivirira zvirwere.
A AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) ndiwo mamiriro anoitika kana HIV haina kurapwa uye immune system yakakuvara zvakanyanya. Iyi nhanho yepamusoro yehutachiona ne HIV zvinoonekwa nekudzikira kukuru kweCD4 cells, zvichisiya muviri uri munjodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere zvinongoitikawo uye mamwe marudzi egomarara asingakanganisi immune system. THE AIDS haisi chirwere chakasiyana, asi seti yezviratidzo uye hutachiona hunoitika nekuda kwe immunodeficiency inokonzerwa ne HIV asina kurapwa.
Naizvozvo, munhu anogona kutapukirwa ne HIV pasina kusimudzira AIDS kana hutachiona hwanyatsogadziriswa nekurapwa. Nekufambira mberi kwemishonga yemaAntiretroviral, vanhu vazhinji vanogara nayo HIV kusambokura AIDS, kukwanisa kurarama hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano. Zvakakosha kuongorora uye kutanga kurapwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwechirwere. HIV ku AIDS uye kuvandudza mararamiro evarwere.
Hupenyu hwemurwere weHIV nhasi hwakaita sei? 6x2q30
Hupenyu hwemurwere ane HIV Nhasi zviri nani zvakanyanya kupfuura makumi emakore apfuura, nekuda kwekufambira mberi mune zvekurapa uye kuwedzera kuziva nezvechirwere. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinopesvedzera zvakanaka hupenyu hwevanhu vanogara navo HIV kuwana mishonga yemaAntiretroviral Therapies (ARVs). Mishonga iyi inobvumira vanhu kuti vachengetedze huwandu hwehutachiwana pamazinga asingaonekwe, izvo zvisingangogadzirise hutano hwese asiwo zvinoderedza njodzi yekutapurira hutachiona kusvika zero. Kutevedzera kurapwa kwakakosha, uye nerombo rakanaka, varwere vazhinji vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwenguva dzose izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutarisa nekugadzirisa marapirwo sezvinodiwa.
Pamusoro pekufambira mberi mune zvekurapa, nzanga yave kuwedzera kuziva uye kuvhurika maererano HIV, kuderedza rusarura uye rusarura rwunotarisana neavo vane utachiona. Mishandirapamwe yedzidzo nerutsigiro rwakabatsira kudzikamisa chirwere ichi uye kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwevanhu. Nekudaro, ruseko runogona kunge rwuchiri dambudziko rakakura kune vakawanda, richikanganisa hutano hwavo hwepfungwa uye kugara kwavo zvakanaka. Izvo zvakakosha kuti varwere vakwanise kuwana psychological uye social network kubatsira kubata neizvi zvinhu.
Imwe pfungwa yakakosha imhando yehupenyu uye tarisiro yehupenyu hwevanhu vanogara navo HIV. Nekurapwa kwakakodzera, vanhu vazhinji vane HIV vanogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba seavo vasina hutachiona, vachichengetedza hupenyu hunoshanda uye hune hutano hwehunyanzvi uye hwega. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kufunga nezve nyaya dzine chekuita nekuchembera ne HIV, zvakadai sehukuru hukuru hwezvipingamupinyi uye kudiwa kwekugara uchiongororwa kurapwa. Mitemo yeruzhinji inoshanda uye nekuramba uchiwana mabasa ehutano zvakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti vanhu ava vanokwanisa kuchembera zvine chiremerera uye hupenyu hwemhando.
PrEP, Doxi PEP nedzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira s4t5
Nzira dzekudzivirira dze HIV zvakashanduka zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura, zvichipa zvishandiso zvitsva kuderedza njodzi yehutachiona. Pakati penzira huru dziripo PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis), nzira yekudzivirira inoshanda zvakanyanya kune vanhu vari panjodzi yakawedzera yekubatwa nechirwere ichi. HIV, uye Doxi PEP (Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis), iyo yakaratidza kuvimbiswa mune zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama mazano aya matsva uye kuti angashandura sei kudzivirira zvirwere. HIV.
PreP 1o376r
A PreP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) inzira yekudzivirira inoshandiswa kudzivirira kutapukirwa ne HIV. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemazuva ose kwemusanganiswa wemishonga inorwisa utachiona hweHIV, kazhinji kacho tenofovir uye emtricitabine, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira utachiona kuti hurege kuberekana mumuviri. Kana inotorwa nguva dzose, iyo PreP inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekutapukirwa ne HIV, kunyanya muvanhu vari panjodzi huru, sevaya vane vadiwa vanorarama neutachiona hweHIV kana kuti vane tsika dzepabonde dzine njodzi huru. Kushanda kwe PreP inowedzerwa kana ichisanganiswa nemamwe matanho ekudzivirira, akadai sekushandiswa kwemakondomu.
Mukuwedzera kune kushanda kwayo, iyo PreP Iyo inozivikanwa nekureruka kwayo kwekushandisa, inopihwa nenzira yemapiritsi ezuva nezuva. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya uye yakasimudzirwa nezvirongwa zvehutano hweveruzhinji pasirese nekuda kwekuita kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka. Kuomerera kune PreP kwakakosha kuvimbisa kushanda kwayo, uye, nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti vashandisi varambe vachitevera nenyanzvi dzehutano kuti vatarise zvinogona kuitika uye kuongororwa hutano nguva nenguva. HIV.
A PrEP inopihwa mahara na su muBrazil. O su inoita kuti musanganiswa wema antiretrovirals tenofovir ne emtricitabine uwanikwe kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzayo dzehutano nenzvimbo dzekutarisa munyika yose. Pamusoro pekupa mishonga, the su anoitawo kuongororwa kwezvehutano nguva dzose, kusanganisira nguva nenguva yekuongorora HIV uye kupa mazano, kuve nechokwadi chekubudirira uye kutevedzera kurapwa, kunze kwekutarisa zvinogona kuitika.
Injectable PrEP 4t513x
A Injectable PrEP ndeimwe nzira Oral PreP, kupa sarudzo inoshanda kune avo vanosarudza kusatora mapiritsi ezuva nezuva. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira inosanganisira kubaya majekiseni ekudzivirira utachiona hweHIV nguva nenguva, kazhinji mwedzi mumwe kana miviri yoga yoga. Mishonga inoshandiswa mu Injectable PrEP itawo nekuvharira kudzokorora kwe HIV, kupa dziviriro inobudirira pautachiona. THE Injectable PrEP Inonyanya kukosha kune vanhu vangave vachinetseka kuchengetedza kunamatira kuhurongwa hwemapiritsi avo ezuva nezuva.
Pamusoro pekureruka kwekutonga kushoma kazhinji, Injectable PrEP inochengetedza kushanda mukudzivirira HIV, ichipa imwe nzira inoshanda kune vakawanda vashandisi. Ungaita sei Oral PreP, mumwe Injectable PrEP inofanira kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira, dzakadai sekushandiswa kwemakondomu, kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo. Kugara uchitevera kurapwa kwakakosha kuti utarise mhinduro yekurapwa uye kugadzirisa madosi sezvinodiwa, kuve nechokwadi kuti kudzivirira kubva kune HIV kuchengetedzwa nguva dzose uye zvakachengeteka.
DoxiPEP 2q3d5a
A DoxiPEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis neDoxycycline) inzira yekudzivirira inoshandiswa mushure mekugona kusangana nayo HIV. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kupa musanganiswa wemishonga inorwisa utachiona hweHIV, kusanganisira doxycycline uye emtricitabine/tenofovir, mukati menguva pfupi mushure mekubatwa. THE DoxiPEP inoshanda nekuvhara kudzokorora kwe HIV isati yazvisimbisa mumuviri, ichipa dziviriro inoshanda kana yatanga nekukurumidza mushure mekufumurwa. Rejimeni iyi inonyanya kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu ekusaona kana kusatarisirwa HIV.
Kutungamirirwa kwe DoxiPEP kazhinji inotevedzera chirongwa che2 kusvika ku3 doses mukati meawa makumi manomwe nemaviri ekuratidzwa, sekurairwa nachiremba wako. Kubudirira kweiyi nzira yekudzivirira kunoenderana nekukurumidzira kunotanga mushure mekusangana, pamwe nekuomerera kune yakatarwa chirongwa. THE DoxiPEP inozadzisa dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira, ichipa imwezve chengetedzo muzviitiko zvenjodzi. Sezvinoita nzira dzese dzekudzivirira HIV, kuongororwa kwezvokurapa kunokosha kuti utarise kubudirira uye kugadzirisa kurapa sezvinodiwa.
A DoxiPEP inopihwa na su sechimbichimbi nzira yekudzivirira kutapukirwa ne HIV mushure mekugona kuratidzwa. Iyo post-exposure prophylaxis regimen inosanganisira kutungamirirwa kwedoxycycline uye emtricitabine/tenofovir, inowanikwa munzvimbo dzinotaridzirwa uye zvikwata zvehutano munyika. su. Kushanda kwe DoxiPEP zvinoenderana nekuti inokurumidza sei kutanga mushure mekuratidzwa, uye iyo su inovimbisa kuti varwere vanowana hutungamiri hwakakodzera kuti vatevedzere chirongwa chakatemerwa.
Mishonga YemaAntiretroviral Therapies (ARVs) 4p3m27
As Mishonga yemaAntiretroviral Therapies (ARVs) zvakakosha pakurwisa HIV, sezvavanobatsira kudzora utachiona uye kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwayo AIDS. Mishonga iyi inoshandisa musanganiswa wemishonga inoshanda pamatanho akasiyana ehupenyu hwemurwere. HIV, kudzivirira utachiona kuti husawanda uye huchikuvadza immune system. Chinangwa chikuru cheARV ndechekuchengetedza hutachiwana hwehutachiwana husingaonekwe, izvo zvinongovandudza hutano hwemurwere chete, asiwo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekutapurira utachiona kune vamwe.
Hutongi hwe ARVs kazhinji zvinosanganisira musanganiswa wemishonga mitatu kana kupfuura, inosarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ehutano hwemurwere uye kusaramba kweutachiona. Pamusoro pekuderedza hutachiwana, maARV anowedzera kuwanda kweCD4 cells, immune system masero anorwiswa neutachiona. HIV. Kuchengetedza huwandu hweCD4 cell kwakakosha pakushanda kwemuviri uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvinongosangana nezvimwe zvirwere. Nekufambira mberi mune zvekurapa, marapiro emaARV ave kushanda zvakanyanya, akachengeteka uye ari nyore kubata, achipa hupenyu huri nani kune vanorarama HIV.
Dolutegravir (DTG) 6mx5l
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Dolutegravir is an integrase inhibitor, rudzi rwemishonga inodzivirira HIV kubatanidza muDNA yemasero anotambira. Nekuvhara iyi nhanho yakakosha muhutachiona hwekudzokorora kutenderera, Dolutegravir inobatsira kuchengetedza hutachiona hwehutachiwana pamazinga asingaonekwi. Mushonga uyu unowanzotenderwa nevarwere uye une mukana wekupihwa kamwe chete pazuva, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu varapwe. Dolutegravir Inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe maantiretroviral kuwedzera kushanda kwekurapa uye kuderedza kuramba kuhutachiona.
Mishonga ine Dolutegravir Anokurudzirwa kune vanhu vari kutanga kurapwa uye kune avo vanotova neruzivo rwemamwe mishonga yemaAntiretroviral. Pamusoro pekubudirira kwayo mukudzora hutachiona hwehutachiona, Dolutegravir iyo inewo yakanaka yekuchengetedza mbiri uye mashoma mhedzisiro. Inonyanya kukosha kune vakadzi vane pamuviri sezvo ichipa yakachengeteka uye inoshanda kurapwa panguva yekuzvitakura.
Tenofovir (TDF) 6511j
tenofovir inonzi nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), iyo inokanganisa kugona kwe HIV kukopa genetic zvinhu uye kuzvidzokorora. Nekudzivirira hutachiona kuti husawandane, tenofovir inobatsira kuchengetedza hutachiona hwehutachiona uye kuchengetedza immune function. Mushonga uyu unowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe maARV uye isarudzo ine mukurumbira nekuda kwekushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedzwa kwayo. tenofovir inopihwa kamwe chete pazuva, iyo inobatsira kutevedzera kurapwa, uye inoshandiswa pakurapa nekudzivirira HIV.
Mukuwedzera kune kushandiswa kwayo mukurapa kwe HIV, tenofovir Ichowo chikamu chakakosha mu pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), nzira yekudzivirira inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yeHIV. HIV muvanhu vasina utachiona. tenofovir yakaratidzwa kuva inoshanda uye yakachengeteka, ine kazhinji yakapfava uye inodzoreka maside effects.
Darunavir (DRV) 2s3u12
Darunavir iprotease inhibitor, kirasi yemishonga inovhara enzyme yeprotease HIV, kudzivirira utachiona kubva patsanura uye kukura. Nekukanganisa iyi nhanho yehupenyu hwechigadzirwa, HIV, Darunavir inoderedza huwandu hwehutachiona mumuviri uye inobatsira kuchengetedza hutachiwana hwehutachiwana pamazinga asingaonekwi. Mushonga uyu unowanzo kupihwa pamwe chete nebooster, senge ritonavir, kuwedzera kushanda kwayo uye bioavailability. Darunavir Iyo inozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba rayo uye isarudzo yakajairika kune varwere vanopikisa kune mamwe protease inhibitors.
Pamusoro pekubudirira kwayo mukudzora hutachiona hwehutachiona, Darunavir Inokosheswa nekuda kwekushanduka kwayo uye inogona kupihwa kamwe kana kaviri pazuva, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemurwere.
Pane mushonga here kana mushonga unodzivirira HIV? 4c6f1m
Parizvino, hapana mushonga wakanangana nawo HIV. Mishonga yemaAntiretroviral (ARVs) inokwanisa kudzvanyirira utachiona, kuchengetedza hutachiwana hwehutachiwana husingaonekwe, asi haipedze utachiona. HIV zvachose kubva mumuviri. THE HIV inobatanidza genetic zvinhu muDNA yemasero anotambira, zvichiita kuti zviome kupedza utachiona. Tsvagiridzo irikuenderera mberi kutsvaga mushonga unoshanda, uko hutachiona hunodzorwa pasina kudikanwa kwekuenderera mberi kwekurapa, kana mushonga unouraya, uko hutachiona hunobviswa zvachose kubva mumuviri. Pakati penzira dzinovimbisa kurapa kwemajini, kushandiswa kwemasero eT akagadziridzwa uye mazano ekugadzirisa zvakare nekubvisa hutachiona hwehutachiona.
Kana ari majekiseni, kugadzirwa kwemushonga unoshanda wekurwisa HIV rave dambudziko guru nekuda kwekusiyana kwemajini ehutachiona uye kugona kwayo kunzvenga immune system. Zvidzidzo zvakati wandei nemiedzo yekiriniki iri kuenderera mberi yekutsvaga mushonga wekudzivirira unogona kuunza mhinduro yakasimba uye inogara kwenguva refu. Munguva pfupi yadarika, kwave nekufambira mberi kwakakosha nemishonga yekudzivirira yakavakirwa pamavhairasi mavhairasi uye mapuroteni anosanganisirwa, asi hapasati pave nemushonga unobvumidzwa kushandiswa zvakajairika. Tsvagiridzo inoramba ichinyanya kukosha pasi rose, nechinangwa chekugadzira mushonga wekudzivirira unogona kubatsira kudzora kana kupedza kutapurirana kwehutachiona. HIV.
Kunyangwe hatisati tave nemushonga kana jekiseni rekudzivirira HIV, kufambira mberi mukurapa nekudzivirira kwakashandura maonero ehupenyu hwevanhu vanogara navo HIV. Antiretroviral therapy yaita kuti zvikwanisike kurarama neutachiona nenzira yakadzora uye ine hutano, uye matanho ekudzivirira, senge. PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) uye PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis), vanga vachibudirira mukuderedza kutapurirana. Sainzi iri kuramba ichifambira mberi, uye nekuedza kwakabatana kwevaongorori, masangano ehutano nehurumende, pane tariro yekuti mushonga kana jekiseni rekudzivirira HIV inogona kuvandudzwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Kufambira mberi nemRNA vaccines 3d4e66
Zvichangoburwa mberi ne mRNA vaccin vakaunza tarisiro huru mukurwisa HIV. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandisa synthetic mRNA mamorekuru kuraira maseru emuviri kuti abudise chaiwo mapuroteni ehutachiona, achimutsa mhinduro inoshanda yekudzivirira. Kubva kubvumidzwa kwemRNA vaccines kubva Dzazvino, kwave nekufambira mberi kwakakosha mukubudirira uye kuchengetedzwa kwemishonga iyi, kunze kwekukwanisa kwavo kukurumidza kugadziriswa kurwisa zvitsva zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutachiona.
Parizvino, the Dzazvino iri kuita ongororo dzevanhu dzekiriniki yekuyedza mRNA yekudzivirira HIV. Mukubatana neInternational Initiative ye Mushonga weAIDS (IAVI) nemamwe masangano ekutsvagisa, the Dzazvino iri kuongorora kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda kwejekiseni muvazvipiri vane hutano makumi mashanu nevatanhatu. Chidzidzo ichi chikamu chakakosha chekuedza kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwekugadzira mushonga unoshanda wekudzivirira HIV, vachishandisa tekinoroji imwechete iyo yakabudirira kurwisa COVID-19.
Ramba uchitevera showmetech uye gara uchifambidzana nezvese zvine chekuita nesainzi uye hutano.
Onawo:
Source: Gov.BR, Brazil Agency e Gov.BR.
Yakaongororwa na Tiago Rodrigues musi wa 06/12/2024
Chinyorwa chikuru, chakakosha uye chakaitwa zvakanaka.