The 2m2k3r
Carlos Monteiro, murongi weCentre for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health pa USP, akacherechedza kupesana kunoshamisa muBrazilian dietary pattern: pasinei nekuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, shuga uye munyu, nhamba yevanhu vakuru vanorema kana vakafutisa yakapetwa kaviri pakati pe1975 ne2009. Chimwe chezvikonzero? Iwe ultra-processed foods. 4q55a
Kupokana uku kwakaita kuti nyanzvi yezvekudya ibvunze hukama pakati pekudya kwekudya uye hutano. Aine chinangwa chekufumura enigma yechikafu ichi, akaronga nzira yekuvandudza, isingatarise pane zvinovaka muviri chete, asi munzira iyo chikafu chinogadzirwa, chinodyiwa uye chinotengeswa. Zvadaro the NOVA, chirongwa chitsva chekuisa chikafu chinoisa chikafu mumapoka mana.
NEW Classification 6d2l72
Boka 1: Zvokudya mumasikirwo kana kugadzirwa zvishoma 2y3h2z
Zvokudya zvitsva zvinowanikwa zvakananga kubva kune zvakasikwa, kusanganisira zvikamu zvinodyiwa zvezvirimwa nemhuka, zvakadai semichero, mashizha, mhasuru, Nyama tsvuku, mazai nemukaka. Boka iri rinosanganisirawo howa nealgae. Kune rimwe divi, zvikafu zvakagadziridzwa zvishoma zvakasiyana zvezvikafu zvinyoro zvinogadziriswa, sekuomesa, kukuya kana pasteurization, pasina kuwedzera zvinongedzo zvinoshandura hunhu hwavo hwakakosha.
Boka 2: Yakagadzirwa culinary ingredients 5m31c
Paunenge uchiisa chikafu chako pane zvechisikigo kana zvishoma zvakagadziriswa sarudzo, kukosha kwekubika uye mwaka wekudya kunowanzoitika. Panguva ino, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirira zvakagadziriswa zvinouya, izvo zvinotorwa kubva mukudya muboka rekutanga nemaitiro emuviri, sekudzvanya, centrifugation uye kuisa pfungwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mafuta omuorivhi, bota, shuga, munyu wegungwa uye munyu wedombo, izvo zvakakosha pakugadzira zvinonaka zvekubika kana zvichishandiswa zvine mwero.
Boka rechitatu: Zvokudya zvakagadzikiswa 171i2y
Zvikafu zvakagadziridzwa ndezvechikamu chezvinyowani kana zvishoma zvakagadziriswa zvinhu, izvo zvinoenda nenzira dzakareruka maindasitiri, izvo zvinogona zvakare kuitwa munzvimbo yepamba. Chimwe kana zvimwe zvinhu kubva muboka rezvakagadzirwa culinary ingredients zvinowedzerwa kune izvi zvekudya, zvakadai semunyu, shuga kana mafuta. Mienzaniso inosanganisira miriwo yemumagaba, michero musyrup, cheeses uye zvingwa zvekugadzira. Inopedzwa mudiki uye sechikamu chekudya kunoenderana nemapoka apfuura, vanobatsira mukusiyana kwekudya, kuchengetedza hutano hwakakwana.
Boka 4: Ultra-yakagadzirwa chikafu uye zvinwiwa 696w4y
Zvikafu zveUltra-processed hazvinyatsokodzeri sechikafu, asi magadzirirwo anoumbwa nezvinhu zvakatorwa kubva mukugovaniswa kwezvikafu kubva muboka rekutanga. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira shuga, mafuta, mafuta, mapuroteni ari oga, pakati pezvimwe, kazhinji anosanganiswa nekuwedzera kuti avandudze hunhu hwavo hwekunzwa. Matanho uye zvimisikidzo zvinogadzirwa kugadzira zviri nyore, zvinonaka uye zvinogara kwenguva refu zvigadzirwa zvinowanzobatanidzwa nezvinwiwa zvinwiwa, zvihwitsi, zvakabikwa zvakabikwa, pakati pezvimwe. Kunyangwe zvichemo zvepakurongedza, kuvepo kwechikafu chitsva muzvigadzirwa izvi kushoma kana kuti haapo. Kugadzirwa kwakanangana nekuita pundutso, kurerutsira uye kukwezva kumukanwa kunopa ekupedzisira-yakagadziriswa zvigadzirwa mukana wakakura mumusika wekudya.
Chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa chave nemukurumbira, chichiverengerwa mumirayiridzo yezvekudya yenyika dzakaita seBrazil, , Israel, Ecuador nePeru. Pamberi pekuiswa kwe classification NOVA, Zvokudya zvakanyorwa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nebasa ravo rekudya kwekudya, pasina kufunga nezvekugadzira. Semuyenzaniso, zviyo, hupfu, pasta, zvingwa, mabhisikiti, zviyo zvemangwanani uye zviyo zvezviyo zvese zvakaiswa mumapoka sezviyo zvekabhohaidhiretsi, nepo nyama nyowani, nyama yakarungwa, soseji, mukaka, chizi uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaiswa mumapoka semapuroteni masosi. Saizvozvowo, michero, zvinwiwa zvine muchero, miriwo uye miriwo yakachengetedzwa zvaionekwa semanyuko emavhitamini nemamineral.
Nekukwira kwechikamu NOVA, iyi tsika yechivanhu yakashorwa. A NOVA inoisa zvokudya mumapoka mana, zvichiratidza musiyano unokosha pakati pazvo. Uku kushanduka kwemaonero kunoratidza kukosha kwete kwete chete chikafu pachacho, asi nzira iyo chikafu chinoshandurwa uye chakagadzirirwa, ichipa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwesimba ravo pane hutano.
Iko kukanganisa kwe-ultra-processed foods mukudya kunovaka muviri 5fd6d
Kuziva kana chikafu chiri chekupedzisira-chakagadziriswa chinogona kunetsa, asi zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kubatsira vatengi kuita sarudzo dzakanyanya. Paunenge uchiongorora iyo chigadzirwa label, kutarisisa kureba kweiyo ingredient rondedzero kwakakosha. Zvikafu zveUltra-processed kazhinji zvine runyorwa rwakakura uye zvine zvisingazivikanwe kana zvisingazivikanwe zvigadzirwa. Imwe pfungwa inofanirwa kucherechedzwa ndeyekuvapo kwezvinowedzera, mavara, stabilizers uye zvinonaka, izvo zvinowanzoitika mumhando iyi yezvokudya. Kuongororwa kwedhigirii rekugadzirisa kunokosha zvakare: kana chikafu chakapinda matanho akati wandei uye shanduko, pamwe ndeye Ultra-yakagadziriswa.
Mamiriro azvino ekushandiswa kwechikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa, senge ma noodles ekare, machipisi, makuki nema cereal bars, haana kugumira kuBrazil. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti ultra-processed foods inomiririra chikamu chikuru chekudya mu United Kingdom Ndisu EUA, inopfuura 57% uye 60%, maererano. Kuchinja kwemaitiro ekudya uku kune zvakakosha kuhutano, kusanganisirwa nematambudziko akati wandei, akadai sekenza, kufutisa, kuora mwoyo uye kuwedzera kwekufa.
Mutsvakurudzi Kevin Hall, pakutanga haana chokwadi nezvezvikamu NOVA, yakaita chidzidzo chekliniki ichienzanisa kudya kwe-ultra-processed uye kusina kugadziriswa. Sezvineiwo, vatori vechikamu vakadya macalorie akawanda uye vakawana uremu pakudya kwekupedzisira-kugadziriswa, kunyangwe kana zvinyorwa zvinovaka muviri zvakaenzana. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti chimwe chinhu chinopfuura izvo zvechinyakare zvikamu zvaipesvedzera zvakanyanya kudyiwa kwekoriori.
Mazano epashure pekudzidza aisanganisira zvinhu zvakaita secalorie density, kumhanya kwekushandisa uye zvinogona kuitika zvezvinowedzera. Muongorori Alexandra DiFeliceantonio anopopotera kuti kukanganiswa kwehuropi masisitimu emubairo kungavewo chinhu chakakosha. Tsvagiridzo yavo inoratidza kuti inowanikwa zviri nyore-yakagadziriswa, yakakwirira-calorie chikafu chinokonzeresa mibairo mhinduro, zvichikurudzira maitiro ekunyanyisa kunwiwa.
DiFeliceantonio inodhirowa kufanana pakati ultra-processed foods uye indasitiri yefodya, vachipokana kuti, kana zvikayerwa nenzira imwe cheteyo yakagadzwa nokuda kwezvigadzirwa zvefodya, izvi zvokudya zvinofanira kurangarirwa sezvinhu zvinopinda muropa.
Nekudaro, pane zvisizvo zvekusimbisa: muenzaniso wevegan burger unoratidza kuti, kunyangwe iri sarudzo yekupedzisira-yakagadziriswa, inogona kuve ine hutano pane chaiyo burger yenyama. Iyi nuance inoratidza kukosha kwekuti hurumende dzitarise kusiyana kwezvigadzirwa izvi pazvinenge zvamisa zvirambidzo.
Chii chakaitwa kubva pakubuda kweNOVA 384l35
Iyo gakava rakatenderedza ultra-processed foods yakawana mukurumbira mumitemo yehutano pasi rose. Nepo Brazil ichiraira vanhu kuti vadzivise zvigadzirwa izvi zvachose, inopa nzira yekudzikamisa kushandiswa. Zvakadaro, nyika zhinji hadzisati dzaisa nhungamiro dzakanangana nezvechikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa mukurudziro yadzo yekudya.
Muna 2014, kuiswa kwechikamu NOVA yakapa hwaro hwakasimba hwesainzi uye yakatsigira kurudziro ye Chikafu Chinongedzo cheVagari veBrazil. Ichi chiitiko chakakosha chakaita zvakakosha pakudya kwevanhu uye mitemo yehutano muBrazil. Kukosha kweNOVA kwakapfuura miganhu, kuchipesvedzera nhungamiro dzakafanana munyika dzinoverengeka, dzakadai seUruguay, Canada, Peru, Ecuador neIsrael.
Muna 2021, hurumende yeUK yakagamuchira chirevo chakazvimirira chaikurudzira shanduko dzakanangana neindasitiri yechikafu. Pakati pezvisungo izvi izano remitero pashuga nemunyu muzvikafu zvakagayiwa uye chinodiwa kuti makambani makuru aburitse huwandu hwezvokudya zvisina hutano zvavanotengesa. Nekudaro, mhinduro yepamutemo, yakazoburitswa gore rakatevera, yakaratidza kupokana kwekutora zvizere mazano aya, zvichiratidza dambudziko mukududzira humbowo hwesainzi kuita hurongwa hunoshanda hweveruzhinji.
Zvichakadaro, muongorori Kevin Hall ari kutungamira chidzidzo chitsva kuti aburitse zvikonzero nei chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa chinoita kuti vanhu vadye yakawandisa macalorie. Tsvagiridzo iyi, yakafanana neyeongororo yapfuura, inotsvaga kunzwisisa kuti kuwanda kwesimba kana kunaka kwezvikafu izvi zvinokanganisa huwandu hunodyiwa nevanhu. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kubatsira mukugadzirwa kwemitemo inoshanda zvakanyanya mukufarira chikafu chine hutano kana kukurudzira kugadziridzwa nemakambani ezvekudya.
Pamusoro pazvo, nhaurirano inoenda kumamiriro ekunze esarudzo dzechikafu. Kuoma kwenyaya iyi kunojekeswa kana tichifunga kuti zvinotsiva nyama yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya zvinogona kuchengetedzwa zvakatipoteredza kupfuura vamwe vavo vemhuka. Iyi nuance inoratidza kukosha kwemaitiro akaenzana kana uchibata ne-ultra-processed foods, uchifunga kwete hutano chete asiwo nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza.
Maonero ezvekudya zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya muBrazil 3i186o
MuBrazil, chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa chave chiri nyaya yekutariswa nekuda kwekukanganisa kwazvo kudya kwevanhu uye hutano, nezvidzidzo, senge zvakagadziridzwa neNupens/USP, zvichiratidza kuti zvigadzirwa izvi, zvakagadzirwa nemidziyo zvinokurudzira kuvimba, zvinobatsira. kusvika pakurema.
Muchirevo ichi, the Chikafu Chinongedzo cheVagari veBrazil inokupa zano zvakajeka kuti udzivise zvigadzirwa izvi, uchiratidzira hunhu hwazvo husina kuenzana uye kuvapo kwezvizhinji zvinongedzo. Kurudziro yepakati ndeyekufarira zvechisikigo kana zvishoma zvakagadziriswa chikafu. Chinyorwa chezvino chegwaro chinoisa hwaro hwekudya kunovaka muviri, zvichiratidza kukosha kwezvikafu zvitsva, semichero, nyama nemiriwo, pamwe nekudya zvishoma zvakagadziriswa, semupunga, bhinzi nemichero yakaomeswa.
Kugadzirira kweCulinary kunokurudzirwawo, uye mutungamiri anosimbisa kukosha kwekuderedza kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvakagadziriswa, kunze kwekuenzanisa kushandiswa kwemafuta, mafuta, munyu uye shuga. Kukurudzira miitiro yakadai sekudya nguva dzose uye uchiziva, kusarudza nzvimbo dzakakodzera dzokutengesera, dzakadai semisika isina kuvhurika nezvitoro zvegirosari, uye kukudziridza unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu zvinosimbisa zvokudya zvine mwero.
Iko kuiswa kwe-ultra-processed foods semusoro we Chikafu chinotungamira cheBrazilian Population (GAPB) Iyo ine simba rakanyanyisa pane chikafu cheBrazil. Yakagadzirwa neBazi reHutano, gwara iri chishandiso chakakosha mukusimudzira hutano uye hunogara huripo hwekudya muBrazil. Mukuwedzera pakurwisana nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, mutungamiri anotsvaga kudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingaperi, zvakadai sokufutisa, chirwere cheshuga, sitiroko, chirwere chemwoyo uye kenza. Zvichibva pahwaro hwesainzi, GAPB inosanganisa misimboti uye kurudziro yekudya kwakaringana, tichifunga nezvedunhu, zera, tsika, magariro uye zvipenyu.
Verenga zvakare:
Source: Wired, British Heart Foundation e Nupens/USP.
Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa27/11/23.
