Porto Alegre neNew Orleans, muU.SA, vanogovera nyaya inosiririsa: mafashamo makuru akasiya zvivakwa zvavo zvisisashande. Matunhu ese ane hupfumi hwetsika, makanzuru aya - nenzvimbo dzemataundi - akasundidzirwa kumiganhu yawo nemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa: Greater Porto Alegre nemafashamo ayo, New Orleans nechamupupuri. Katrina. l3232
Post-Katrina zvidzidzo zvinogona kuve zvakakosha kune vanhu veRio Grande do Sul. Tichifunga nezvevakanyorera mvura muRio Grande do Sul, izvi zvingave zvidzidzo zvaizonyanya kukosha pakusimba kwedunhu.
Nyevero dzakadzikisirwa 2x4w25
Brazil, sepasirese, yanga ichitevera nhevedzano yenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzekuwedzera huwandu mumakore achangopfuura. Muna 2021, zvaive nzvimbo ine makomo yeRio de Janeiro. Muna 2023, takaita Sao Sebastiao pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeSão Paulo. Njodzi yakawira Rio Grande do Sul muvhiki yekupedzisira haisi chete yazvino, asiwo yakakura.
Dunhu remuguta rePorto Alegre rave kutambura nemafashama kakawanda uye kakawanda. Yayo yekudzivirira mafashama system yakagadzirwa mushure me mafashamo makuru muna 1941. Iyo inoumbwa negumi nemana masuwo esimbi ari mumadziro eMauá (pakati peguta) uye pasi peAvenida Castelo Branco, mukuwedzera kune makumi maviri nematatu epombi dzimba dzinodzosera mvura yakaunganidzwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo neLake Guaíba, uye anopfuura 14 km edikes mukati uye. external.
Zvinoitika kuti mvura yakapfuura mazinga akachengeteka katatu mumakore makumi masere (80, 1941 uye 1967) uye katatu chete muna 2015. Mafashamo maviri makuru ezvakaitika kare muGuaíba, kusvikira panguva iyoyo, akaitika mukati memazuva makumi mashanu nemashanu chete muchirimo chapfuura. Dunhu iri rakatambura nezviitiko gumi zvekunaya kwemvura mumwedzi gumi nemiviri chete, pakati paChikumi 2023 naChivabvu 55. Maguta akawanda akagadzirwa mumativi enzizi muRio Grande do Sul akanga atounganidza kurasikirwa kwezvimiro uye kwemari mumwedzi ichangopfuura. Forecast modhi dzakagadzirwa mukati UFRGS Hydraulic Research Institute akatoratidza mukana wezvakaitika chaizvo. Sezviri pachena nyevero hadzina kutorwa zvakakomba. Uye iyo yekudzivirira sisitimu muguta guru reRio Grande do Sul yakakundikana - nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekugadzirisa. Zvakaitika muna May 2024 injodzi yakaziviswa.
Mafashama akadai, chero zvakadaro, haaizodzivirira mamwe emaguta akaparadzwa zvakanyanya mudunhu, akadai seEldorado, Canoas, São Leopoldo, Muçum uye angangoita mupata wese weTaquari.
Kutsinhana kwekupomerana pakati pehurumende dzemuno nehurumende dzemubatanidzwa dziri kutoitika. Guta rePorto Alegre rinoti mari yakavimbiswa neBrasília muna Mbudzi 2023 (mushure memvura zhinji panguva iyoyo) ingadai isina kuburitswa kusvika zvino. Zvakare, horo yeguta inopomerwa kubvisa AMD, mutumbi une basa rekuchengetedza hurongwa hwekudzivirira mafashamo. Hurumende yeRio Grande do Sul yakaisa mutemo unoita kuti dziviriro yeApps pakuvaka madhamu ishanduke uye inoratidzika kunge isingateereri chirongwa chekudzivirira chakagadzirwa muna 2017. National Congress, iri kugadzirisa izvo zvinonzi nenyanzvi dzezve ecology "pasuru yekuparadza" - anopfuura mabhiri makumi maviri ayo nedzidziso anonetesa mutemo wezvakatipoteredza uripo mune izvo zvinonzi nevakawanda zvinotsigira fungidziro yezvivakwa uye zvipfuyo. Panguva ino, isu tese hatifanire kuzviona se "nyanzvi dzezvipenyu"?
New Orleans: muenzaniso 3z3p3h
MuUnited States mune sangano remubatanidzwa rinoona nezvenjodzi, iro FEMA. Sangano iri rakashoropodzwa zvikuru nekunonoka kwayakaita mushure me Katrina. Brazil haina chimiro chakadaro. Isu tine Civil Defense, iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya mukupindura kune emergency pane kudzivirira pachayo. Asi zvidzidzo zveFEMA zvakadzidzwa panguva yedambudziko ra2005 zvinogona kutungamira chikamu chekuedza kweGaucho nehurumende dzeBrazil.
Musvondo chairo rekuparadzwa kweNew Orleans, hurumende yeUS yakaburitsa emergency pasuru inokwana US$10 bhiriyoni mudunhu uye kuendeswa kwevarwi zviuru zvinomwe nemazana maviri. Masangano asiri ehurumende - anotungamirwa na Red Cross - yakakwidza US$4.25 bhiriyoni muzvipo. Pakupedzisira, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuvakazve nharaunda yacho uye kutamiswa kwevanhu kwakadhura US$125 bhiriyoni (R$650 bhiriyoni). Hunhu hwakadai (husina kuvandudzwa) zvichireva mitengo yeKatrina yakaenzana ne7% yeBrazil GDP.
MuUnited States, pakanga paine gakava rakawanda pamusoro pekuti mari yemubatanidzwa inofanira kushandiswa kuvakazve New Orleans kana kuti ingosiiwa. Paive nenharo huru nhatu dzakatungamira kumari yemubatanidzwa pakuvakwa kwayo:
- Guta rinoonekwa senhaka yetsika kuUnited States sezvakangoita Venice kuItaly;
- Kugadziriswa kweiyo dike system yaidzivirira guta - uye yakakundikana - yaive chisungo cheUS Army mainjiniya;
- Kuongorora kwemafuta kubva kumahombekombe eLouisiana kwakagadzira mari inodarika yakakwana yemubatanidzwa yekuvandudza hurongwa hwemarevhi muguta rayo guru.
Dzinokwana mbiri dzenharo nhatu dziri pamusoro dzaisazoshanda kuguta guru reRio Grande do Sul.
Nharaunda dzese dzaida kuvakwazve muNew Orleans. Kubva pakutanga. Nekuronga uye vagadziri vezvivakwa, mupurojekiti yezviyero zvakakura, nzvimbo huru yedzimba ichavakwazve muguta iri. District 4. Pakati pezvakawanda zvakasangana zvezviitiko zvakaonekwa, 4th District ndiyo inonzi inonyanya kukanganiswa nharaunda muPorto Alegre, uko iyo Arena do Grêmio, mall DC Navegantes uye dzimba zhinji nhasi dzinoratidzika kuva dzakanyura zvishoma kana kuti dzakanyura.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti njodzi yazvino yechisikigo muGreater Porto Alegre uye mukati meRio Grande do Sul inoratidzika kunge ine huwandu hwakatokura kupfuura hwakaonekwa muLouisiana. Anopfuura gumi nemaviri maseru muRio Grande do Sul haachisipo.
Vanosvika mamirioni evapoteri vemamiriro ekunze vakatamiswa kubva kuGulf yeMexico mushure meKatrina, zvichiita kuti ive diaspora yakakura kwazvo munhoroondo yeUS. Vanopfuura hafu yevakabviswa vakadzingwa vakaramba vari mukati memakiromita anosvika mazana mana kubva kuguta ravo rekutanga, asi masvondo mana chete mushure menjodzi iyi, nyika makumi mashanu dzaive dzatonyoresa kusvika kwevanobuda mu1 akasiyana zip code. Mhuri dze400 (kubva muhuwandu hwevanhu vane mamiriyoni e4 vakabatwa) vakatama kubva munharaunda yakakanganiswa kuenda kuHouston (Texas), kupfuura 50 km kumadokero kwekwavaigara kare. Mu 18.700 census, makore gumi nemashanu mushure medutu, huwandu hweNew Orleans hwaive hwakaderera ne240.000% pane muna 1.5.
Ramangwana reRio Grande do Sul 3y1663
Isu hatisati taziva kuti vangani vanhu - kana maguta ese - achada kutamiswa muRio Grande do Sul bvunzurudzo ne BBC Brazil, the ecologist uye chiremba Marcelo Dutra da Silva yakataura kuti maguta ese achada kuchinja nzvimbo, achisiya nzvimbo dzine njodzi uye achienda kune dzimwe dzinopokana nekusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze - izvo zviri kuramba zvichingoitika.
MuUS, FEMA, yakabatana nehurumende yemubatanidzwa, yakapa rubatsiro rwedzimba (rubatsiro rwerendi, hotera kana rubatsiro rwenzvimbo). midhudhudhu, pamwe chete nemari yekuvakazve dzimba) kune vanopfuura 700.000 vanyoreri - mhuri nevanhuwo zvavo. Chete 1/5 ye midhudhudhu zvakavimbiswa zvakaunzwa, zvichiwedzera kushomeka kwedzimba muguta reNew Orleans. MuBrazil izvi zvinogona kuitwa mu“Bolsa Família” ita Federal hurumende nemaitiro chaiwo ekuburitsa chikwereti ne Cashier. Uye dzvinyiriro yakakurumbira yakashandiswa kugoverazve chikamu chemabhiriyoni emadhora ehomwe yebato rekudzoreredza matunhu akakanganisika.
Post-Katrina, mushumo wehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemapeji anoda kusvika mazana matatu yakagadzirwa na US Army Corps of Engineers kudzivirira nyaya nyowani dzakafanana uye kudzoreredza dunhu rakakanganiswa. Gwaro rakadaro rinogona kubatsira kuvakuru veGaucho neBrazil mumatanho ari kuuya.
Kudyara kwakaitwa mudunhu uye basa rekudzivirira kwakave nemhedzisiro muLouisiana: muna 2021, dunhu rakagamuchira rimwe dutu guru, Ida - Chikamu 4 dutu - uye zvimiro zvitsva zvakamira nesimba remamiriro ekunze. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa yetariro yePorto Alegre uye ramangwana rayo. Asi mwedzi yakawanda yebasa, kuronga uye kubatanidzwa kwevanhu, veruzhinji uye vega vega vachafanira kupfuura kusvika guta guru reRio Grande do Sul rave nerunyararo rwepfungwa. Kugadzirisa mitemo inoda kugadzirwa uye kutevedzwa. Ramangwana renzvimbo zhinji dzemuguta guru rinoratidzika kuva risina kujeka. Nzira yekudzivirira uye kutamisa avo vanonyanya kutambudzika ichada kwete kungove kunetseka nekukasira, asiwo yepakati uye yenguva refu.
Muna 2016, iyo Federal hurumende akagadzira iyo Chirongwa cheNyika Chekugadzirisa Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze (PNA). Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa, zvinogona kugadziridzwa kuti titarise kuwedzera kwakanyanyisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kufambisa kufambisa kwechimbichimbi kumatunhu nemakanzuru. Brazil haina kumbobvira yashandiswa zvakanyanya kuenda mberi kwematambudziko. Uye mitemo yeruzhinji inoita seyagara kwenguva pfupi uye yesarudzo muchimiro. Shanduko dzedu dzinofanirwa kuve dzakadzama. Pane tarisiro yekuti kubva mukutambura uku uko nhasi kunobatanidza huwandu hwevanhu veRio Grande do Sul neBrazil muchisungo chekubatana, mitemo yekudzivirira inoshanda ichabuda inodzivirira huwandu hwevanhu kubva mukukura uye mune ramangwana zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze.
Mavara akabudiswa paLinkedIn yemunyori.
Onawo: Maitiro ekuita zvipo kuRio Grande do Sul zvakachengeteka
Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa10/5/24.
