Maitiro ekubvisa uye kuisa zvirongwa paLinux b3t4c

Paunotanga kushandisa Linux distributions, kuita mabasa ari nyore sekubvisa nekuisa zvirongwa zvinogona kuve zvitsva. O Linux terminal uye iyo graphical program mamaneja ndiwo maturusi makuru ekubvisa uye kuisa zvirongwa paLinux. 1xy59

Chii chinonzi Linux kugovera? 251e1t

Operating systems Linux vakawira mukudiwa kwevashandisi vazhinji. Kugadzikana kweSistimu, nharaunda dzekugovera Linux, uye Linux chirongwa manejimendi mapoinzi akasimba mukupesana ne Windows, kubatsira kumhuri yezvirongwa zvakagadzirwa ne Linus Torvalds gara wakakurumbira.

Linux imhuri yeanoshanda masisitimu anoshandisa zvakafanana kernel. THE kernel ndicho chinhu chikuru chese inoshanda sisitimu, kuvhara mukaha pakati pezvinhu zvemuviri, kana Hardware, uye software layer, iyo inosanganisira maapplication kana zvirongwa. Yese inoshanda sisitimu, kusanganisira proprietary masisitimu akadai Windows e MacOS,ane a kernel, asi kernel chete haigadziri sisitimu yekushandisa.

Kusanganiswa kwe kernel Linux yakagadzirwa naLinus Torvalds uye kubva muunganidzwa wesoftware we GNU Project, yakagadzirwa nababa vesangano software yemahara, Richard Stallman, gadzira yakakwana yekushandisa system. How the kernel Linux uye GNU software inogona kushandurwa zvakasununguka uye kugoverwa, izvi zvinoita GNU / Linux sisitimu yekushandisa inoumbwa nesoftware yemahara!

Kazhinji, kugoverwa kweLinux ndeyekugadzirisa kweGNU/Linux, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwehurongwa hwekushandisa, maraibhurari uye zvirongwa. Kumwe kugovaniswa kwakavakirwa zvakananga pamusoro peGNU/Linux, nepo kumwe kwakavakirwa pakugoverwa kwagara kuripo.

Kugoverwa kweLinux kwakavakirwa zvakananga paGNU/Linux kunosanganisira Debian, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Slackware, Gentoo e Arch Linux. Kugoverwa kweLinux kwakavakirwa pane kumwe kugovera kunosanganisira Ubuntu (zvichibva paDebian), Linux mint e Elementary OS (yakavakirwa paUbuntu).

Muchidzidzo ichi, nzira dzekubvisa nekuisa zvirongwa pa Ubuntu, yakagadzirwa na Canonical, aihwa Linux mint, inochengetwa nenharaunda, uye mu Fedora, inotsigirwa ne Red Hat, kambani yakatengwa ne IBM mu 2019. 

Migove yakashandiswa Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS, Linux Mint 21.2 e Fedora 39 muchidzidzo chino.

Uninstall uye isa zvirongwa paLinux ine graphical mamaneja 3v285n

Kune avo vanosarudza graphical interfaces kusunungura uye kuisa zvirongwa, iyo Ubuntu Softwarekana Mint Application Manager and the GNOME Software kubva kuFedora isarudzo dzakanaka kune imwe neimwe yekugovera. Ivo vanokutendera iwe kuti uise maapplication paLinux nenzira yekuona uye intuitive uye inoiswa nekusarudzika mukugovera. Nzira dzekushandisa dzakafanana pakati peaya graphical mamaneja pane ese Linux kugoverwa.

Bvisa uye isa zvirongwa paUbuntu neUbuntu Software 6i424e

Nhanho 1: Vhura Zviitiko mukona yekuruboshwe yeUbuntu skrini yekumba uye tsvaga Ubuntu Software.

Nhanho 2: Tsvaga chirongwa chaunoda kuisa kana kubvisa pa Ubuntu Software.

Nhanho 3: Sarudza kana uchida bvisa ou instalar purogiramu ne Ubuntu Software; Kana zvichidikanwa, isa iyo super, kana maneja, kuti upedze kuvhiya.

Bvisa uye isa zvirongwa muMint neApplication Manager 653q6f

Nhanho 1: Vhura menyu mukona yezasi kuruboshwe yeMint yekumba skrini uye tsvaga Application Manager.

Nhanho 2: Tsvaga chirongwa chaunoda kuisa kana kubvisa pa Mint Application Manager.

Nhanho 3: Sarudza kana uchida bvisa ou instalar purogiramu ne Mint Application Manager; Kana zvichidikanwa, isa iyo super, kana maneja, kuti upedze kuvhiya.

Bvisa uye isa zvirongwa paFedora neGNOME Software 481xp

Nhanho 1: Vhura Zviitiko mukona yekuruboshwe yeFedora yekumba skrini uye tsvaga GNOME Software.

Nhanho 2: Tsvaga chirongwa chaunoda kuisa kana kubvisa pa GNOME Software paFedora.

Nhanho 3: Sarudza kana uchida bvisa ou instalar purogiramu ne GNOME Software kubva kuFedora; Kana zvichidikanwa, isa iyo super, kana maneja, kuti upedze kuvhiya.

Uninstall uye isa zvirongwa paLinux uchishandisa iyo terminal 3k3r22

Kuti uvhure terminal muLinux, shandisa yakajairwa nzira yekudimbudzira Ctrl + Alt + T, inoshanda neUbuntu, Mint uye Fedora. Kubvisa, kuisa uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa kuburikidza neiyo terminal, isu tichashandisa zvirongwa sudo, akakodzera e dnf.

Chii chinonzi Linux terminal? 5j4yu

Terminal chinhu chinobatika chinoshandiswa kudyidzana nekombuta, senge chemonitor uye keyboard. Isu tinodaidzawo terminal iyo graphical application inotevedzera mudziyo uyu. Patinovhura iyo Linux terminal, isu tiri kuvhura iyo terminal emulator, iyo, kazhinji, inotanga otomatiki a deko, kana muturikiri Command Line. Nepo iyo terminal emulator inopa hwindo rekudyidzana neiyo deko uye inomhanyisa goko, iyo deko ndicho chirongwa chinodudzira uye kuita mirairo yemushandisi.

Iyo default graphical nharaunda Ubuntu Zvinobva Fedora ndiyo GNOME, kwete Linux mint, iyo default graphical nharaunda ndeye Cinnamon, zvichibva paGNOME. Vese vari vaviri vanoshandisa iyo terminal emulator gnome-inouraya. THE deko default kugoverwa kweLinux ndiyo Bash, chirongwa chakatangwa ne GNU Project muna 1989. Kune vamwe makanda, senge csh kana vhezheni yayo yazvino tcsh, makanda iyo inoshandisa C programming mutauro pamutsara wekuraira.

O deko ndiyo purogiramu inoturikira mirairo se sudo apt get update ou sudo dnf check-update. Mumienzaniso iyi, goko rinoita zvirongwa mukutevedzana: nenzira iyi, tinovimbisa maropafadzo epamusoro-soro nekuita kwe sudo uyezve, neropafadzo dzepamusoro-soro, tinovandudza runyorwa rwezvirongwa ne akakodzera ou dnf.

Chii chinonzi sudo? 485q6x

Sudo ndeye command-line utility chirongwa chakagadzirirwa masisitimu akavakirwa pa Unix, kufanana neLinux; Linus Torvalds yaivimba neiyo Unix inoshanda sisitimu yekugadzira iyo kernel Linux. Zita"Sudo” chidimbu che“Super, ITA!” (“super, do it!”). Kana yaitwa, mushure mekunge mushandisi apinda super, kana kuti mutarisiri, purogiramu sudo kwenguva pfupi inozvipa ropafadzo kuita mabasa anoda mvumo idzi.

Kubvisa uye kuisa zvirongwa mabasa ehurongwa anoda mvumo dze super. Nokudaro, tinofanira kushandisa murairo sudo kubvisa uye kuisa mapurogiramu pa Ubuntu, Mint e Fedora.

Bvisa uye isa zvirongwa paUbuntu uye Linux Mint ine APT 6a4k3o

Yakaburitswa muna 2014 neDebian 12, iyo akakodzera iri nyore interface ye APT, default package maneja Debian uye Debian-based Linux kugovera senge Ubuntu e Mint. Mamwe ekare APT maneja maturusi ndiyo mirairo apt-get e apt-cache.

Kuisa mapurogiramu pa Ubuntu ou Mint kuburikidza nemutsara wekuraira muLinux, isu tinoshandisa iwo murairo apt, sezvo inorerutsa iyo chirongwa chekutungamira.

Raira sudo apt install 186l3b

Vhura iyo terminal mukati Ubuntu ou Mint neCtrl + Alt + T uye gadziridza runyorwa rwechirongwa:

sudo apt update

Iye zvino ingoisa purogiramu nemurairo sudo apt install:

sudo apt install nomedoprograma

Somuenzaniso, kuisa mufananidzo editor GIMP, run:

sudo apt install gimp

Uyu murairo unoda ropafadzo dzekuwana. super, kana maneja. Mushure mekuisa , mapakeji anogadzirirwa kuiswa. Simbisa kuisirwa nekunyora "Y" uye nekudzvanya Enter.

Raira sudo apt remove e sudo apt purge t5c3y

Kubvisa zvirongwa mune terminal Ubuntu e Mint, tinoshandisa zvakare akakodzera:

sudo apt remove nomedoprograma

Kuti ubvise zvachose chirongwa, kusanganisira zvigadziriso zvemushandisi, ita:

sudo apt purge nomedoprograma

Semuenzaniso, kubvisa zvachose iyo GIMP, nyora:

sudo apt purge gimp

Bvisa uye isa zvirongwa muFedora neDNF 353a2e

DNF ndiyo yakasarudzika pasuru maneja we Fedora, CentOS uye kumwe kugoverwa kwe Red Hat, se RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux). O DNF akatsiva maneja wepasuru YUM muFedora 22, muna 2015. Murairo dnf ndiyo interface yekudyidzana nemaneja mu Fedora, nenzira yakafanana apt kwete Ubuntu e Mint.

Raira sudo dnf install 254h5y

Kuisa mapurogiramu pa Fedora kuburikidza neiyo terminal, vhura iyo terminal neCtrl + Alt + T uye mhanya:

sudo dnf install nomedoprograma

Kuisa kana GIMP, semuenzaniso, shandisa:

sudo dnf install gimp

Iko hakuna chikonzero chekuvandudza chirongwa chechirongwa pane Fedora.

sudo dnf bvisa command 5f4ka

Kuti uninstall zvirongwa pa Fedora Kubva pane terminal, mhanya:

sudo dnf remove nomedoprograma

Kuti uninstall the GIMP do Fedora, semuenzaniso, mhanya:

sudo dnf remove gimp

The package manager DNF haina inoenzana nemurairo sudo apt purge do Ubuntu e Mint.

Isa zvirongwa ne.deb kana .rpm faira paLinux 296i4v

Mamwe mapurogiramu ane rezinesi rekutengesa uye, nekudaro, haana kugovaniswa pamasystem Linux. Muchiitiko ichi, ingo tora iyo installer .deb nokuti Ubuntu e Mint uye isa neAPT, kana .rpm for the Fedora uye kuisa ne DNF.

O .deb and the .rpm ndiwo anowanzo kuisirwa mapakeji e Linux distributions. The mafaira .deb anoshandiswa kuisa mapurogiramu pa Ubuntu, Mint uye kumwe kugoverwa kwakavakirwa pa Debian, uye mafaira .rpm (Red Hat Package Manager) kuisa zvirongwa paFedora uye kumwe kugoverwa kweRed Hat Linux.

Isa Google Chrome paUbuntu, Mint uye Fedora 226d4a

Kuisa kana Google Chrome, proprietary software uye saka isipo mu Ubuntu, Mint ou Fedora, tevera matanho anotevera.

Nhanho 1: Dhawunirodha kubva official page Google Chrome. 

Iyo peji inofanirwa kuona kuti mushandisi ari kushandisa Linux system uye kupa faira .deb nokuti Ubuntu e Mint kana faira .rpm nokuti Fedora.

Nhanho 2: Vhura terminal neCtrl + Alt + T uye shandisa imwe yeinotevera mirairo kuti uchinje kune yakasarudzika yekurodha dhairekitori: 

cd ~/s

Tsanangudzo: Iyo ~ (tilde) ipfupi inomiririra iyo huru dhairekitori (musha) kubva kune yako Linux mushandisi. Murairo cd inoshandura dhairekitori, mune ino kesi kune yevashandisi yekurodha dhairekitori.

ou

cd /home/”${}”/s

Tsanangudzo: Uyu murairo ndeimwe nzira kune yekutanga uye unoshanda nenzira yakafanana. Pano, $ ari variable kuti the Bash otozvitsiva nename yako. Iwo quotation mamaki uye akamonana braces ("${}") anoshandiswa kuona kuti zita remushandisi rinozivikanwa nemazvo deko kunyangwe iine nzvimbo kana mavara akakosha.

Nhanho 3: Isa iyo Google Chrome kwete Ubuntu ou Mint kushandisa:

sudo apt install ./arquivobaixado.deb

Ku Fedora, shandisa:

sudo dnf install ./arquivobaixado.rpm

Uninstall uye isa zvirongwa paLinux ine global installers 2v665e

Global installers vanoda Snap, Flatpak e AppImage zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa zvirongwa mu Linux. Navo, mapurogiramu atouya nezvose zvinodiwa, zvichireva kuti hapana chikonzero chekuisa mamwe mapurogiramu pane system kuti apedze kuisa. Rondedzero yezvirongwa zvinopihwa neLinux kugovera senge Ubuntu, Mint e Fedora zvinogara zvichivandudzwa, hapana chikonzero chekushandisa pasi rose installers. Nekudaro, Snap uye Flatpak anoshandiswa neiyo graphical installers yeUbuntu, Mint uye Fedora, uye zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mashandiro avanoita. 

Chii chinonzi Snap? 3g3n49

O Snap is a package system yakagadzirwa ne Canonical nokuti Ubuntu, asi zvakare inowanikwa pane mamwe maLinux kugoverwa. Kugadzirwa neCanonical, iyo inochengetedza Ubuntu, inouya isati yaiswa pairi Ubuntu 22.04.3 uye inoshandiswa neyakagadzika neiyo graphics maneja Ubuntu Software yekuisa mapurogiramu.

Chii chinonzi Flatpak? 4j524b

Flatpak isoftware manejimendi system inoendesa zvikumbiro mumidziyo, ichizvitsaura kubva kuhurongwa. Izvi zvinobvumira vashandisi kuisa shanduro nyowani dzezvirongwa pasina kukanganisa iyo yese sisitimu, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kuchengetedzeka. Flatpak inouya isati yaiswa pairi Linux Mint 21.2 e kwete Fedora 39, kushandiswa na Mint Application Manager uye fur GNOME Software kubva kuFedora yekuisa mapurogiramu.

Chii chinonzi AppImage? 611q15

AppImage isoftware yekugovera fomati inobvumira vashandisi kumhanyisa maapplication pane akasiyana Linux kugovera pasina kuda kuisirwa kana mvumo yemukuru. Yakagadzirwa muna 2004, AppImage inotarisa pakutakurika uye nyore kushandisa.

Maitiro ekuisa zvirongwa paLinux neAppImage 1t4n1

Nhanho 1: Isa iyo FUSA, zvinodiwa kuti umhanye zvirongwa mufomati AppImage. Shandisa iyo apt nokuti Ubuntu ou Mint.

sudo apt install fuse

Kana kushandisa iyo dnf kuisa the FUSA kwete Fedora.

sudo dnf install fuse

Nhanho 2: Dhaunirodha purogiramu mufomati AppImage.

Nhanho 3: Ita iyo AppImage faira iite ne chmod +x nomedoarquivo mune terminal kana neyekugovera's default faira maneja.

Nhanho 4: Mhanyai chirongwa nekudzvanya kaviri pafaira.

O AppImage Inoita kuti hupenyu huve nyore kune vanogadzira vanoda kugovera maapplication avo mune yepasirese fomati iyo inogona kumhanya pane chero kugoverwa kweLinux.

Idzi nzira dzinoratidza kuchinjika uye kutonga uko kugoverwa kweLinux kwakadai seUbuntu, Mint uye Fedora kunopa vashandisi kubata zvirongwa zvavo, kungave kuburikidza negraphical application mamaneja kana terminal.

Source:

Ubuntu

FOSS Linux

Fedora

Onawo:

Linux ndiyo yakachengeteka zvakanyanya sisitimu yekushandisa?

Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa19/1/24.