The 2m2k3r
Kukakavadzana kwakawanda kwakatora pfungwa dzevanhu nekufamba kwemakore, uye pagara paine mativi maviri akashata anopika kuti vakarurama, nepo mamwe asina. Pakati pehondo idzi pane kukweretwa kune avo vakagadzira chaizvo ndege. 1ao7
Hondo yezana remakore rechinzvimbo chemuvambi wendege l3919
Zvirinyore nzira yekufambisa iri nyore uye inokurumidza kupfuura nhasi, ndege inoshamisa yesainzi, uye iri nyore kugadzirwa kwanyanya kushandura nzanga yemazuva ano. Yakapfupisa chinhambwe pakati pevanhu, zvakare ichiita kuti zvikwanise kutakura kwete chete zvigadzirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri dzoga munguva shoma, asiwo ruzivo.
MuBrazil uye munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose, chikwereti chechiitiko chinowira pamapfudzi e Alberto Santos-Dumont, wokuBrazil aigara muParis, , uko, pana November 12, 1906, akabhururuka nemudziyo unoshamisa wakanga wakafanana nekaiti, yainzi 14-Bis. Asi chiitiko ichi chakapikiswa nguva pfupi yakatevera nehama mbiri dzekuNorth America.
Tichibva kuOhio, kuUnited States, mazita e Wilbur e Orville Wright zvakabuda pachena mushure mekuziviswa kunyika yekubudirira kwaSantos-Dumont nerwendo rwake, rwunofungidzirwa kuti rwakazoitika makore matatu gare gare. Vari mundege yavo, Flyer, yakagadzirwa nevaviri, vakatiza muKitty Hawk, North Carolina, muna Zvita 1903.
Iyo feat yakaitika pasi pemaziso evacherechedzi vashoma uye haina kutorwa, ukuwo kubhururuka kwemugadziri weBrazil kwakaitwa achishandisa zviwanikwa zvake uye 2 kusvika 3 metres kubva pasi, kufukidza 60 metres kusvika kumhara 7 masekonzi gare gare, kuwedzera pakurekodhwa pa. firimu uye rakapupurirwa neboka revanhu vanopfuura chiuru muBagatelle, kunze kweParis.
Zvinotaurwa nerimwe divi... 3w5y32
Iyi ndiyo poindi apo kurwa kunosvika pakushata, tsananguro yekuti kubhururuka mundege chii chaizvo. Kune nyanzvi dzakadai Henry Lins de Barros, nyanzvi yefizikisi uye ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvakaitwa naSantos-Dumont, kubudirira kweWrights muna 1903 kwaisava kubhururuka, asi kusvetuka kwenguva refu.
Maererano naye, mutyairi weBrazil akakwanisa kutora 14-Bis mumhepo achishandisa ndege yake, achitevera chirongwa chekosi yakafanorongwa pasi pemaziso ezvapupu zviripo.
Kukurudzira kutiza kwakabva pamudziyo wacho uye kwakanga kusingabatsirwi nemasimba api neapi ekunze, akadai sekatepu nenjanji, kana kuti nemateru enzvimbo, semateru. Aids yakaita seiyi, munyori wenhoroondo anoti, yaive yakakosha mukubudirira kwehama dzekwaWright mukutora ngarava yavo, iyo yairema kudarika 14-Bis yaDumont, kuenda nayo mumhepo.
Lins de Barros anorangarira zvikonzero zvakaparira kubudirira kunofungidzirwa kwehama dzaWright, achitaura kuti mhepo ine simba panguva iyoyo yakavabetserawo kusimuka ndokuramba vachibhururuka uye kuti pakanga pasina ufakazi hwokuti ndege yavo yaigona kusimuka yoga, iyo ingadai yakaendesa kukusakodzera kwayo serwendo rwekutanga munhoroondo.
Mamwe macounter… y5s3p
Kune rumwe rutivi rwekurwa, Peter Jakab, mukuru wedhipatimendi reaeronautics paNational Museum of Flight and Space muWashington uye nyanzvi pahama dzakavamba, anopokana zvikuru nezvinotaurwa nenyanzvi yeSantos-Dumont. Anoti zviwanikwa zvakadaro hazvina musoro.
Sekureva kwaJakab, Lins de Barros anogona kupikiswa zviri nyore nenyaya yekuti maWrights vakaita zviyedzo zvakati wandei nendege yavo, vachinakisa tekinoroji yayo, kusvika gore risati rasvika Santos-Dumont ndege yekutanga.
Mune imwe yadzo, zvinoshamisa, zvakaonekwa kuti vakafamba makiromita makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe mumhepo munzvimbo yemaminetsi makumi mana. Jakab anopikisa kupomerwa kwaLins de Barros, achiti “Kunyange muna 1903 ndege [yaWright] yakagara mumhepo kweinenge miniti. Dai asina kuzvibata pasi pesimba rake, angadai asina kukwanisa kugara pamusoro pevhu kwenguva yakareba kudaro.".
Kunyangwe mumusha wechipiri waSantos-Dumont, mu, hama dzekwaWright dzinoonekwa sevatyairi vendege vekutanga munhoroondo, pamberi pemutambi weBrazil. Claude Carlier, mutungamiriri weFrench Center yeNhoroondo yeAeronautics uye Space, zviratidzo pazasi.
Kurwisana kunoenderera mberi nekupatsanura pfungwa 4u2v5x
Mune chinyorwa cheCNN, muzukuru-muzukuru waSantos-Dumont, Marcos Villares, akagovera maonero ake panyaya iyi:
Pane kurwisana kwakasimba kwenyika kuri kuitika pano. Kubhururuka inhanho yakakosha munhoroondo yevanhu, mukushanduka kwehunyanzvi. Nyika dzese dzinoda kutora nzvimbo yekutanga [yekugadzirwa kwendege] ivo pachavo.
Mativi ese ari maviri enyaya anongobvuma kupokana, uye izvi zvese nekuda kwekushaikwa kwetsanangudzo yeicho chinganzi ndechekubhururuka uye ndiani akatanga kuzviita. Sezvo pasina munhu anogona kusvika pachinhu chimwe chete, zvinoita sekuti hapazombovi nechigadzikiso chinopedza gakava iri kamwe chete uye zvachose, pamwe chete kwete nenzira inogutsa vatsigiri vemativi ose enharo.
Nguva pfupi yadarika, mutero weNASA wekuedza kwaWilbur naOrville Wright zvakare wakadzora gakava pamusoro pechikwereti chekugadzirwa kwendege. Izvi zvakaitika apo United States space agency yakazivisa zita renzvimbo iyo Ingenuity helikopta yakaita kubhururuka kwayo kwemagetsi pamusoro peMars, izvo zvakaitika muna Kubvumbi 19, 2021.
Basa, iro rine chinangwa chekuunganidza data pamusoro peMars, richiri kufamba nesimba nekuda kwechishandiso chinoshanda mushure mebvunzo yekutanga. Nayo, NASA inotarisira kutsvaga uye kuwana zviratidzo zvehupenyu hwehutachiona papasi dzvuku.
Zita rakapihwa kunzvimbo yekuyedza raive "Wright Brothers Field", kana kuti Munda weWright Brothers, mushanduro yechiPutukezi. Iyo space agency yakatumira chirevo chemukuru wayo, Thomas Zurbuchen, nezve mutero kune vanogadzira vekuNorth America:
Wright Brothers Field. Iri ndiro zita renzvimbo iyo #MarsHelicopter yakatora ndege yayo yekutanga, uye iri mukuremekedza mapiyona Orville naWilbur Wright. Ndizvo zvinotaura mukuru wedu wesainzi kuNASA @Dr_ThomasZ.
Idi bedzi iro munhu ari wose anobvumirana pamusoro paro nderekuti pasina nhamburiko dzaava namamwe mapiyona endege, tingadai tisina iri nhasi imwe yenzira dzinokurumidza uye dzakachengeteka dzokufamba.
Ndege iyi chishandiso chine simba kwazvo chakaunza zvikomborero zvakawanda kuvanhu, uye kunyangwe yakaita basa guru munjodzi zhinji, dzakadai semuhondo dzakasiyana siyana munhoroondo yese, kushandiswa kwayo kubatsira nzanga kunopfuura nekure kugona kwayo kushandiswa se chikonzero chekuparadza.
Hatingave zvatiri nhasi pasina ndege, uye tine zvakawanda zvekutenda nekuedza kweugamba kweava vanhu vakanyanya kukosha vakaita basa rinokosha mukusika kwavo.
Zvimwe zvishoma nezvemuoni aviator 14m1k
Alberto Santos-Dumont akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 20, 1873, muCabangu, Minas Gerais. Nhengo yemhuri yakapfuma inorima kofi, akatamira ku achiri jaya kunodzidza engineering. Pakubhururuka kwebharumu muna 1898, aodzwa mwoyo nekusakwanisa kutungamira nzira yebharumu, akapedzisira ave kufemerwa nerwendo rwekugadzira nzira yekubhururuka inodzorwa.
Izvi zvakaitika muna Gumiguru 19, 1901, paakahwina mubairo nekuda kwekugadzira kwake, nhamba 6, chikepe chemhepo, mota yekutanga yerudzi rwayo yakasikwa munyika, yaaishandisa kutenderera Eiffel Tower murwendo rusingasviki. maminitsi makumi matatu.
Pasinei nokubudirira kwechikepe chake chendege, chaizova mumwe muchina unobhururuka, panguva ino unotorema kupfuura mhepo, waizoisa zita rake mumabhuku enhau makore mashanu gare gare. Santos-Dumont, pamusoro pekuve piyona mundege yepasi rose, akazozivikanwa semugadziri wewachi dzemaoko uye akabatana neane mukurumbira French brand Cartier, nedhizaini ichiri kushandiswa nhasi mumamodeli ekambani.
Pakupedzisira, muvambi weBrazil akadzokera kunyika yake yaakaberekerwa muna 1928, kwaakagamuchirwa segamba rorudzi, ndokufa makore mana gare gare, muGuarujá, pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeSão Paulo.
Wilbur Wright akaberekwa muna Kubvumbi 16, 1867 kuMillville, Indiana, apo mukoma wake, Orville, akauya munyika musi waNyamavhuvhu 19, 1871, muDayton, Ohio. Vaviri vehama vakazviwana vafadzwa nechipo chakabva kuna baba vavo, bhishopi anofambira wechechi yeBaptist, ari muchimiro chechikopokopo chetoyi, zvichibva pane zvakaitwa nemumwe wemapiyona endege, muFrench Alphonse Penaud. Yakanga yakagadzirwa ne bamboo, pepa uye cork, yakatsigirwa neshinda yerabha, iyo yakaita kuti rotor yayo itenderere.
Mushure mekutamba zvakanyanya nekusasimba kubereka kwemotokari inozivikanwa, maWrights madiki akazoipwanya, asi izvo hazvina kuvamisa kuvaka imwe voga. Toyi yacho yakavatungamirira kuti vafarire zvidzidzo uye pakupedzisira basa sevagadziri.
Kunyangwe Wilbur aive wekutanga kutora danho mukugadzira tekinoroji yakatungamira mukugadzirwa kweFlyer, Orville akatora chikamu chakashinga uye akagovana chikwereti nemukoma wake pane zvese zvakagadzirwa nevaviri ava. Pamusoro pekukakavadzana kwezita revakagadzira ndege, maWrights akabatsira kune matatu-axis control system, achibvumira hukuru hukuru uye kugadzikana kwendege, ine patent yavo.
Asi hazvisi zvose zvakanga zvakanaka uye kunyemwerera parwendo rwemapiyona aya. Pane kumwe kubhururuka kwehama, kwakaitwa musi waSeptember 17, 1908, mumwe muenzi, Thomas E. Selfridge, mukuru mukuru wemauto enyika yacho, akaguma afa mutsaona yebhiplane yaityairwa nomunun’una waWright. Zvakaitika hazvina kuzunungusa hama, pasinei zvapo nokukuvadzwa kwakaitwa naOrville mutsaona yacho. Vaviri vakaenderera mberi nekuedza kwavo, vachivandudza kuvimbika uye kushanda kwendege yavo.
Musi waChivabvu 30, 1912, Wilbur Wright akafa muDayton, nekuda kwefivha yetyphoid, aine makore makumi mana nemashanu. Orville akapfuurira kutungamirira kambani yehama pashure porufu rwaWilbur, uye akaenda kundokumbanira mukoma wake kumarinda eDayton musi waNdira 45, 30, zvichitevera hosha yemwoyo. Sezvineiwo, Coast Guardsman John T. Daniels, munyori wemufananidzo wakakurumbira wekubhururuka kwekutanga kweWrights, akafa zuva rakatevera kufa kwaOrville.
Uyewo tarisa
Ona kurongeka kwemafirimu eStar Wars
32 zvinyorwa uye zviratidzo zvekutarisa pakutepfenyura
Source: CNN, Biography, Poder360 uye Wikipedia [1] [2]
Ongororo yemavara yakaitwa na: Pedro Bomfim (24 / 03 / 23)
