Rondedzero yemabhuku Fikisheni yesainzi (kana sci-fi) inoedza kana kuedza kufanotaura remangwana refu, refu. Nekudaro, vamwe vanyori vanoita sekunge vakazviwana zvakanaka (kana kuti chaizvo) pavakafanotaura mamwe matekinoroji aripo. 3r6z3l
The science fiction genre 3i4s2j
Hazvina kuoma kuwana bhuku rinofanotaura nezveramangwana. Muchadenga che Fikisheni yesainzi, rudzi rwekurondedzera rune mafeni akawanda, hunyanzvi hwakasununguka kugadzira yakakwira yakaenzana yakasikwa yakazara nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji.
Zvisinei, zvakaoma kutsanangura chii a Fikisheni yesainzi (kunyangwe isu tichigara tichiziva kana takatarisana neimwe). Rudzi urwu rwakasiyana ne fungidziro chaizvo muchikamu che "sainzi", sezvo pfungwa zhinji dzichibva mudzidziso yesainzi (kunyangwe isiri iyo inogutsa, hwaro hwesainzi huripo).
Mumusanganiswa wezvemagariro evanhu, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvetekinoroji, vanyori vengano dzesainzi vanoedza kutsanangura ramangwana uye maitiro evanhu mumamiriro akasiyana. Kazhinji, mabhuku emhando yepamusoro anotungamirira kumubvunzo wemunhu ari kuedza kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu ayo iye pachake angave akasika. Maitiro ekupona anowanzoenderana nemidziyo yetekinoroji (malaser ane simba, michina yenguva, marobhoti, genetically modified zvisikwa nezvimwe), sainzi diki (quantum fizikisi, advanced computing, nezvimwewo) uye hunhu hwakangwara zvakakwana kuti ubvise dambudziko.
Humbowo hwekuti ngano dzesainzi dzakabudirira ndezvekuti, kuwedzera kune legion yevateveri iyo mabhuku anayo, chokwadi chekuti mitambo, sci-fi mafirimu uye akateedzana vanobudirirawo zvikuru. Panyaya yemafirimu, ane makuru ebhokisi hofisi manhamba uye anogona kutsungirira seakareruka kwezvizvarwa.
Vanyori vakafanotaura mamwe matekinoroji azvino: 1u3446
1. Jules Verne (1828-1905) 121f8
Jules Verne (Brazilianized for Jules Verne) aive munyori we Fikisheni yesainzi muFrench ane mukurumbira. Akaenda kure kupfuura nguva yake nekufanotaura matekinoroji akati wandei aripo muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, senge submarine, chikopokopo uye rwendo rwemunhu kuMwedzi.
Verne inozivikanwa kune vakawanda nezita rekuti "murume akagadzira ramangwana". Mamwe emabasa ake ane mukurumbira ndeanoti "Rwendo kuenda kuCentral of the Earth" (1864), "makumi maviri ezviuru maligi pasi pegungwa" (1870) uye "Munyika yose mumazuva makumi masere" (80). Imwe yekuda kuziva ndeyekuti Santos-Dumont akafemerwa nerimwe remabasa aJules Verne kuti aumbe magajeti ake.
2. Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) 3q663l
Huxley's dystopias haikanganwiki. Mavari, akafembera nezveramangwana rakasviba. Paanenge ari mubasa rake "irável Mundo Novo" (1932) nzanga yeramangwana inogara muhutano hwekasi uye inogadziriswa mupfungwa kuti ichengetedze kurongeka, mu "The Island" (1962), bhuku rake rekupedzisira, mamiriro ezvinhu ari kudzora zvishoma. .
Iri mu "Nyika Itsva Yakashinga" iyo Aldous Huxley inoita chikamu chikuru chekufanotaura kwayo. Pakati pavo zvinokwanisika kutaura genetic engineering, zvinokanganisa zvakasiyana (sezvinopihwa neinternet), zvinodhaka zvinopa euphoria uye kudzikama, kunyanyisa kutenga, kuwanda kwesimba uye nezvimwe.
3. Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008) 1o4v4l
Arthur C. Clarke akafanotaura zvikuru nezveramangwana. Muna 1964, paakabvunzwa zvaaitenda kuti ramangwana raizove rakaita mumakore 50, akanga atova svikiro. Rondedzero yekufanotaura inosanganisira kutaurirana nekukurumidza uye kuchinjana ruzivo (ikozvino kunozivikanwa seinternet), kuita bhizinesi nevanhu vanobva chero kupi zvako munyika uye kunyange mudziyo unodzokorora - senge 3D printer).
Sezviri pachena, Clarke akakwanisa kufanotaura matekinoroji akati wandei atinoshandisa nhasi, uye kunyangwe zvisingaite sezvakaoma nekuti zvaive zvisingasviki makore makumi matanhatu apfuura, hazvigoneke kuramba kuti aive nechiratidzo chakanaka chenguva yemberi. Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mabasa ndeye "60: A Space Odyssey" (2001).
4. Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) 626557
Mugore rimwe chete naArthur C. Clarke, muna 1964, Isaac Asimov akaita kumwe kufanotaura nezveramangwana (sezviri pachena mubvunzo waive mufashoni panguva iyoyo). Pakati pazvo, pane otomatiki yechikafu uye chikafu chakaomeswa nechando, marobhoti, simba kubva kuzvirimwa zvenyukireya uye simba rezuva, mota dzinozvimiririra, videoconferencing kuburikidza nesatellite chiratidzo chekufambisa, kusvibiswa kwakawanda, nyika inotongwa nemarobhoti ane vanhu vanodzidza kuronga kubva vachiri vadiki. nezvimwe.
Kunyange asimov Kunyangwe akawana mamwe mafambiro zvakanaka uye akapotsa mucherechedzo mune vamwe, akaitawo chikanganiso chikuru pane dzimwe nguva, sepaya paakafanotaura kuvakwa kwedzimba munzvimbo uye migodhi paMwedzi (kana kuti zvimwe fungidziro dzapfuura nguva yedu). Rimwe remabhuku ake ekare ndeekuti "Ini, Robot" (1950).
5. H.G. Wells (1866-1946) 2r6x10
HG Wells aitotaura, muzana ramakore re19th, nezve nzira dzisina waya dzekutaurirana uye hondo nemabhomba enyukireya, mabhomba emuchadenga nezvimwe. MuHondo Yenyika (1898), anotaura nezve laser uye, mu "The Island of Dr. Moreau" (1896), pamusoro pezvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvakagadzirwa nemajini engineering.
Wells anoshumawo zvinhu zvisati zvaitika (zvino), asi izvo hazvipesani nechiono chedu chenguva yemberi, semuchina unofamba nekufamba kwenguva, kugona kwemunhu kusaonekwa uye kurwisa kweMartian.
6. George Orwell (1903-1950) 5y1e12
Orwell haagone kusiiwa kunze kwechinyorwa, kunyangwe asina kunge akarongeka mukufanotaura kwake. Mubhuku rake rine mukurumbira, "1984" (rakabudiswa muna 1949) - yekare -, anotaura nezve makamera ekutarisa (achipa kuzita rekuti Big Brother) uye kugara achitariswa.
Hazvina kunyanya kusiyana nezvatakatanga kuona, nemakamera kwese kwese uye kukakavara pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwechiso. Sezvineiwo, hatisati tasvika pachikamu chinokatyamadza chenyaya parizvino (uye tinovimba kuti hatichadaro). Parizvino pane kusahadzika pamusoro pekuti tinogara mu a dystopia Orwell kana Huxley. Pamwe musanganiswa wavo wese.
7. Geoffrey Hoyle (1941–ikozvino) 6kv6r
Mu "2010: Kurarama Mune Ramangwana" (1972), Hoyle anotaura nezve akawanda emazuva ano matekinoroji, akadai semaraibhurari edhijitari, mawebhusaiti, kutenga kumba, iyo smartphone, microwave, touch screens nezvimwe. Zvinoita sezviri nyore, sezvo asiri kure zvakadaro kubva kuchokwadi chedu, asi aive akarurama mukufanotaura kwake.
8. Philip K. Dick (1928-1982) 4q1u2b
Philip K. Dick anozivikanwa kuva mumwe wevanyori vane simba zvikuru vezana remakore rapfuura. Ndiye ane mhosva yebhuku rakafuridzira firimu chipande Runner, iyo inonzi "Ko Androids inorota makwai emagetsi?", Kubva muna 1968. Kubva pane izvi chete zvinokwanisika kuwana pfungwa yezvaanofanotaura nezveramangwana.
Pamwe isu hatisi kufambira mberi, asi Philip Dick akaita dzimwe ongororo dzazvino. Mumakore ekuma80, akaita runyora rwekufanotaura kwemakore 30 aitevera aiva nezvinhu zvakawanda zvisina kuitika, asi zvimwe zvatakanyatsoona. Semuyenzaniso, hydrogen sesimba sosi, tsaona yenyukireya muSoviet Union kana United States (Chernobyl e Three Mile Island), kushandiswa kwekombiyuta kwakajairika uye nezvimwe.
9. Douglas Adams (1952-2011) 5y52e
Usavhunduke, asi Douglas Adams akaitawo mamwe mafambiro mu “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” (1979). Pakati pavo, zvinokwanisika kutaura: touch screen, e-books, Wikipedia (hongu, ndiani mumwe waunofunga nezvake pavanotaura pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana nemashoko pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana?), Kushandura otomatiki, nezvimwewo.
Unoziva here mumwe munhu anofanirwa kunge ari pane iyo rondedzero? Zvisiye mumacomments pazasi:
Source: Business Insider; Inonakidza Injiniya; History; Chinhu chikuru; CNET.
