6w40b
Ndakamboenda kunoita basa rekutsigira kumba kwemutengi uye pandakavhura laptop yangu mutengi akandibvunza kuti: “Windows yako yakasiyana sei, ishanduro ipi iyi?”. Ndakapindura nokukurumidza kuti: “Haisi Windows, ndizvo Linux. Ndinopfeka Debian”. Ndakatadza kana kumboona ziso randakamuisa paari. Kwenguva shoma, uropi hwake hwakapinda muswe papfungwa iri nyore yekuti zvinogoneka kushandisa komputa pasina kushandisa. Windows uye tichine yakanaka uye inoshanda zvizere system.
Ndiri mumiriri Free software anenge 10 makore apfuura, asi usavhunduka, handisi mumwe weavo vanotakura CD Linux pasi peruoko rwangu ndichiedza kutendeutsa munhu wese anodarika nzira yangu. Ini ndiri mukomana anopindura mibvunzo uye anoda kubatsira chero munhu anoda chaizvo kuwana chimwe chinhu chitsva munyika yekombuta.
Tisati taenderera mberi, ngatipe tsananguro pfupi: nguva zhinji sisitimu inongonzi “ “Linux” sezvo richinyanya kushanda, sezvatichaita pano munyaya ino, asi zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti zita chairo ndi“GNU / Linux”. Zvinoita sekupusa, asi zita rinonyanya kushandiswa rinongoreva iyo kernel, ndiko kuti, chikamu chesoftware chinotaurirana pakati pese maapplication uye hardware yemuchina. Zita rekutanga, iro risingawanzoiti é Rangarira, ipakiti yemabasa uye maapplication inobvumira iyo yese system kuti ishande kune vashandisi. Imwe haibatsiri pasina imwe. Pazasi, iyo GNU purojekiti mascot uye Tux, iyo Linux mascot. Izvozvo zvakati, tinoenderera mberi nekuongorora.
Nei uchitama? 3h5v22
Uyu mubvunzo wakakosha zvikuru uye hapana mhinduro chaiyo. Hongu, nyaya dzemari dzinogara dzakanyanya kukosha, asi zvinodiwa zvinosiyana nemunhu mumwe nemumwe, saka kutama kunofanirwa kuongororwa pane imwe nyaya-ne-nyaya. Kune avo vanonyatsoda kushandisa application isingashande paLinux, hapana chikonzero chekutama. Icho chiripo ndechekuti kune inenge yese mhinduro kune imwe yakafanana imwe nzira muLinux.
Ini pachangu ndinodzivisa kuenzanisa se "uyu ari nani pane uyo”. Mukuita, chero imwe nzira yekushandisa yeLinux ichave nekushaya simba uye masimba, zviri kwauri kuti uongorore kuti ndezvipi zvakanyanya kukosha. Ini handisi ruzivo mukugadzirisa mifananidzo, asi iyi inowanzova pfungwa yakasimba mumakakatanwa ekutama. Photoshop x GIMP nhaurirano refu inokodzera kuonekwa nekungwarira kukuru. Ose ari maviri anoshandira mushandisi akajairwa, asi vashandisi vane zvimwe zvinodiwa zvakanyanya vanogona kunge vaine zvakanakira uye matambudziko mune yega yega software.
Adobe software haitsigire Linux uye ine mutengo wakakwira kuwana. Já iyo yazvino yepamutemo vhezheni yeGIMP, iyo ichine zvakawanda zvekuvandudza, ndeyeá ndichangotanga kupa rutsigiro rwekugadzirisa RAW mifananidzo, chinhu chakakosha chinoshandiswa vanotora mifananidzo, izvo zvinopedzisira zvaita kuti kutama kuome.
Izvi hazvireve kuti zvakanyanya kuoma kushanda padanho rehunyanzvi muGIMP. Mumwe wemienzaniso mikuru yekushandiswa uku mubasa reunyanzvi ndeyemufananidzi Elias de Carvalho Silveira, Pakati pemabasa ake makuru imifananidzo yezvinyorwa uye inovhara emagazini akati wandei kubva kuboka reAbril.
Linux inonetsa kushandisa
Kana ini ndichitaura nezveLinux, mumwe munhu anowanzo kupokana kuti iyi yakaoma sisitimu yekushandisa, kuti yakaoma kugadzirisa uye kuti hapana chinoshanda nemazvo pairi. Pandinobvunza vanhu ava kuti yave yakareba sei kubva pavakashandisa chikuva, mhinduro inogara yakafanana: "kwemakore anoverengeka!". Zvakanaka, pave makore mashoma kubva sisitimu yave mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika uye inoenderana neyakajairwa michina.
Mufananidzo uyo wakajairika mushandisi ndewekuti chero chiitiko chinoitwa muLinux chinosanganisira kushandiswa kweiyo terminal, inova ine mukurumbira dema skrini ine mavara chete. 10 makore apfuura ichi chaiva chokwadi. Kunyangwe mabasa madiki sekutamba mimhanzi CD yaida mashoma mameseji mirairo yekuisa dhiraivha, kumhanya mafaera, uye nemaoko kudzikisa madhiraivha mushure mekushandisa kwega kwega.
Parizvino zvinogoneka kushandisa sisitimu pasina kumbovhura terminal screen. Kune ese emazuva ese emushandisi maitiro kune hushamwari skrini uye graphical interfaces.aphic kusangana nehurongwa. Ehe, mamwe mabasa anowedzera kushanda uye nekukurumidza mune terminal, kunyanya kana iwe uchiziva mirairo chaiyo yekuita kudaro. Usatya terminal. Kana usingadi, usashandise. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza, ramba uchifunga kuti hapana nzira yekudzoka, sezvo iwe uchawana simba rekudzora zvese zvinoitika pakombuta yako. Heino quote kubva kuna babamunini vaPeter Parker: "Nemasimba makuru anouya nemabasa makuru”. Gadzirisa masisitimu shanduko, shandisa ROOT chete kana zvichidikanwa uye rangarira kuti 777 haina kumbobvira yaponesa chero munhu!
Ichashanda paPC yangu here?
Zvinoenderana! Sezvandambotaura pamusoro, shanduro dzemazuva ano dzinotsigira akawanda ezvinonyanya kufarirwa, asi vamwe vanogadzira zvikamu vanozeza kuburitsa vatyairi vemidziyo yavo yeLinux. Vamwe vanongoburitsa vatyairi vevaridzi, kureva kuti, havasi Mahara Software. Kune avo vanotevera ruzivo rwekugovana uzivi, kushandisa mutyairi seizvi kunopesana nemitemo yavo, asi kana iwe usinganetseke, iyo hardware inoshanda. Matambudziko makuru achiri kuitika nemamwe makadhi eWiFi uye mamwe emhando dzemakadhi evhidhiyo. Maitiro aya akatoita kuti musiki weLinux arasikirwe nekugadzikana uye kutumira zvinonyadzisa kumugadziri Nvidia:
Kana iwe ukashanda neinorema vhidhiyo editing kana uchida kumhanyisa ese makuru kuburitswa munyika yemitambo, unogona kunge uine matambudziko. Asi kune avhareji mushandisi, zvese zvichashanda zvakajairika. Ndakapfuura nemamiriro ezvinhu apo ndakakwanisa kuratidza kureruka uye kuvimbika kweLinux system.
Mutengi, anove akajairika "mushandisi wenguva dzose", akauya neWindows PC kwandiri mwedzi yese ye3 kana 4, achinyunyuta kuti yaive yakazara nematambudziko. Dzimwe nguva zvaigoneka kugadzirisa uye dzimwe nguva zvaive zvakafanira kufomati, asi dambudziko raigara rakafanana: akawanda asingabatsiri maapplication akaiswa uye pamwe navo mamwe. malware. Akandiudza kuti muroora wake akadhaunirodha mimhanzi yakawanda nemafirimu uye kuti akaisa “zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana” kuti adaro. Ndichiziva zvaanoda chaizvo, ndakakurudzira kuisa iyo yazvino Ubuntu. Pave nemakore anoda kusvika maviri kubva pandakamushanyira seshamwari, nekuti Linux yake inogara ichimhanya uye yakagadzikana.
Sarudza kunaka kwako
Linux masisitimu ndeyeMahara Software uye nekudaro, ivo vanobvumira kugadziridzwa uye kugoverwa kweiyo yakagadziridzwa sisitimu. Naizvozvo, makambani akati wandei nemapoka evashandisi kutenderera pasirese vanogadzira yavo masisitimu maitiro uye vanoita kuti vawanike kuti varohwe. Iyi maitiro inogadzira hupfumi hwepasirese, kunyangwe zvishoma kuvhiringa kune vanotanga. Aya mavhezheni akasiyana anozivikanwa seanonaka, distros kana kugovera.
Kune 3 mikuru miti inotorwa kubva kuDebian, Slackware uye RedHat, asi kuchine dzimwe shanduro dzakagadzirwa kubva kutanga. Pazasi isu tine girafu rinoratidza zvese zvinozivikanwa kugoverwa muna 2012 uye zvakatorwa. Dzvanya pamufananidzo kuti ukure:
Kune avo vasina kumbobvira vasangana neGNU/Linux system, isu tinowanzokurudzira kushandisa yazvino vhezheni yeUbuntu (iyo inotorwa kubva kuDebian), sezvo iri imwe yedistros ine akawanda madhiraivha repositori uye inoda kushoma kurongeka kuti ive. kushandiswa.. Kune avo vanotova nekuonana uye vari kutsvaga zviitiko zvitsva, chandinogona kutaura ndechekuti: edza maflavour akasiyana kudzamara wawana waunoda zvakanyanya. Sezvatinoona mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, runyoro rwakareba. Imwe zano nderekuti kushandisa distro kubva kune imwechete derivation muti seyaunoshandisa nhasi kunogona kuve kushoma kwedambudziko, ndiko kuti, iyo vhezheni itsva inoenderana nekuti mangani matsva maficha aunoda kutarisana nawo.
Performance
Ndakabvunzwa kana komputa yangu inogona kugadzirwa nekukurumidza kana kunonoka neimwe system isiri Windows. Kugadzirisa mhinduro, pane katsika kekukurumidza kukurumidza, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvine chekuita neasina kujairika Hardware kana mutyairi asina kuiswa zvakanaka, Linux inogona kunonoka kupfuura Windows. Kune maflavour ane kuita sekutarisisa kwavo kukuru. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa pasina mubvunzo Gentoo, iyo inogara ichiedza kukwirisa yega yega yakaiswa application yemahara hardware. Kuiswa kweiyi distro kwakatonyanya kuomarara kupfuura vamwe chaizvo nekuti kumisikidza pachayo kwakatoitwa nekugadzirisa sisitimu yehardware yemuno. Zvese kufunga nezve kuwana yakanyanya kuita kunze kwemidziyo.
Maitiro ekuisa
Dzinenge shanduro dzose dzine shanduro Live iyo isiri chinhu kunze kweiyo system pachayo yakatoiswa paCD, DVD kana pendrive. Ingobatidza zvishandiso, kurodha sisitimu kubva kune midhiya uko iyo Live vhezheni uye edza kunze pasina kuisa chero chinhu. Kushandisa mune iyi modhi kunononoka sezvo zvese zviri kumhanya zvakananga muRAM ndangariro, pasina kurekodha chero chinhu paHD. Uchishandisa iyi modhi, unogona kuyedza kana Hardware yako ichienderana uye woiisa paPC yako nekungoita zvigadziriso zvidiki semutauro, keyboard marongero uye nguva yenguva. Mumaminetsi mashoma komputa inotangazve uye zvese zviri kumusoro uye kushanda.
Panguva yekuisa iwe unogona kusarudza kana iwe uchida kudzima iyo iripo system kana kugadzira a mbiri, kuchengeta yazvino uye kubvumira kushandiswa kwezvose zviri zviviri, seWindows neGNU/Linux, neimwe nzira. Chinhu chisinganyanyi kushungurudza kune vanotanga kuisa paVirtual Machines seVirtual Box.Chaveat ndechekuti iyi sarudzo inogara ichinonotsa zvese, sezvo muchina wako uchange uchishanda maviri akazara masisitimu panguva imwe chete. Asi sekuyedzwa, iyi sarudzo inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya.
Mapulogalamu
Vazhinji havazivi, asi pfungwa yechitoro chekushandisa sezvatinayo nhasi pamafoni edu akaberekerwa muLinux mumakore ekuma 90. Nhasi chinhu chiduku zvokuti hapana anoyeuka kuti kusvikira mwedzi mishomanana yapfuura zvaive zvakakodzera kutsvaga. yekuisa iyo app painternet. uye pandakafunga kuti yaive yekare vhezheni uye haina kugadzirisa otomatiki. Imwe neimwe distro ine chitoro chayo uye zvinokwanisika kuwedzera masosi matsva echitoro ichi kubvunza. Nzvimbo idzi tinodzidaidza kuti repositories. Mamwe makambani akadai seMozilla neOracle ane magwaro avo emhando huru dzeLinux.
Vamwe vanhu vachiri kushandisa gwaro rekunze uye editing spreadsheet, saka kune dzimwe nzira seLibreOffice. Kune avo vanoshandisa Corel, imwe nzira iInkScape, yekugadzirisa mavhidhiyo OpenShot uye KDE InLive inogona kuita basa. Chero zvaunoda, zvinenge zvisingaite kuti usawane imwe nzira inoshanda paLinux.
Games
Há Makore mashoma apfuura, chokwadi chekutamba paLinux chaive chakanyanya kushomeka, dzimwe nzira dzaive dzakaganhurirwa kune dzimwe nguva mitambo yekuzvivaraidza ine makadhi uye zvakafanana. Ndipo pakatanga kubuda dzimwe nhanho dzinotya, dzakadai seTuxKart uye imwe FPS ine mifananidzo yakapfava uye mutambo unokahadzika. Asi izvi zvaive zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuratidza musika kuti pane kudiwa kwemitambo pachikuva. Iyo hombe shanduko yakaitika muna 2013, nekutangwa kweValve's Steam Client yeLinux. Parizvino mamwe emitambo mikuru pamusika wePC yatovepo natively yeLinux. Tamba Counter Strike, Team Fortress uye kunyange Kuruboshwe 4 Yakafa:
Kuvandudza
Iyo yekuvandudza mutemo haina yakasarudzika kune ese distros. Vamwe vanochengeta sisitimu yagara ichienderana uye vamwe vanogadzira mavhezheni makuru uye vimbiso yekuvandudza kwenguva yakatarwa. Chikamu chinonakidza ndechekuti kugadziridza kune nyowani huru vhezheni ndeye mahara, ingokumbira iyo yekuvandudza uye ndizvozvo. Pasina muripo, unogona kuchengeta ese maapplication akaiswa pane yako system akagadziridzwa nemurairo mumwe chete.
zvipe mukana
Iye zvino zvawava kuziva chikuva uye uine zano rekuti zvese zvinoshanda sei, ipa Tux mukana uye woongorora yaanofarira (asi kwete ega) chikuva chevanyori.
Iyo Ubuntu muchengeti inopa webhusaiti pazvinogoneka kuve neruzivo rushoma rwezvakaita sekushandisa iyo inonyanya kushandiswa distro munyika pama desktops, kungowana. https://tour.ubuntu.com/en/ kutarisa.
Zvino tiudze mumashoko zvaunofunga nezveLinux uye kana nguva ino iwe uchizoipa mukana uye woiedza!
